Ming/Ottoman
The Ming Dynasty, meaning "Bright" replaced which Mongol controlled Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty
This cultural movement, which lasted between the 15th and 16th centuries, began around the 1400's in Italian cities such as Florence and Venice. it focused on the creation of art and literature
The Renaissance
16th-century religious, political, intellectual, and cultural revolution to change or remake the Catholic Church. In Europe, reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin protested and challenged Church authority.
The Protestant Reformation
What is a heretic?
A person who is considered to have and/or spread ideas that go against a religion
This Italian Renaissance politician and author wrote a book called “The Prince,” as a guide for government leaders. He famously states “The end justifies the means”.
Niccolo Machiavelli
In 1453 Mehmed II and the Turks conquer capital of the Byzantine Empire, which is known as
Constantinople
This innovation was developed by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440
The Printing Press
German monk who created the 95 Theses, which were 95 arguments against the sale of indulgences and other church abuses
Martin Luther
Nicolas Copernicus, considered the father of modern astronomy, challenged the geocentric theory developed by the Greek scientist Ptolemy and adopted by the Catholic Church. He's sun-centered theory became known as
The Heliocentric Theory
Belief that the monarchs were given their power from God. King Louis XVI famously said “A Deo Rex, A Rege Lex,” or “The king is from God, and law is from the king.
Divine Right
This ancient Chinese political belief states that the authority to rule China, given by the gods, or heaven
The Mandate of Heaven
Renaissance European artists, scientists, and scholars, were inspired by the Classical achievements of which two ancient civilizations?
The Greeks and Romans
King of England, who created his own church called the Church of England by using a set of laws called the Act of Supremacy to separate from the Catholic Church because he wanted a divorce from his wife and the Catholic Church would not allow it
King Henry VIII
This scientist created a telescope to confirm the Heliocentric theory established earlier by Nicholas Copernicus. He was later forced to recant his statement by the Catholic Church and was placed under house arrest
Galileo Galilee
King Louis the XVI (14th), also known as the Sun God, created this lavish personal home outside of Paris France
The Palace of Versailles
Chinese explorer of the Ming Dynasty who sailed the Indian and Pacific Oceans to lands that included Southeast Asia, India, the western coast of Africa.Helped stimulate (increase) trade between different regions of the world.
Zheng He
The Renaissance saw a shift from overly religious achievements into more secular (non religious) achievements. This belief on human achievements rather than on God is called
Humanism
What were two effects of the Protestant Reformation?
1) The power of the Catholic Church (and the Pope) decreased.
2) The power of monarchs (kings) increased
3) Religious unity in Europe came to an end- Before the Protestant Reformation, almost everyone in Western Europe was Catholic. Now there were large numbers of Protestants too.
4) The Catholic Church starts a Counter Reformation
Scientist during the Scientist Revolution used this process to form new theories and challenge old ones
Scientific Method
identify at least three characteristics of an absolute monarch
- Created laws and dispenses justice
- Controls the military
- Power over religious authorities
- Limits or controls the power of the nobles
- Centralized government power
identify at least three methods used by Suleiman the magnificent to gain or maintain power in the Ottoman Empire
1. Centralized the government
2. Used elite fighting force called the Janissaries
2. religious tolerance (for example the millet system)
3. Extended the empire to its widest extent (gunpowder played a key role; as did the disunity of their opponents)
4. Reinforced Islamic law (sharia law)
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italian cities such as Florence and Venice
Control of trade in Mediterranean Sea trade brought an influx of wealth. Wealthy families such as the Medici became patrons of the arts.
In 1545, Pope Paul III called the ______ __ ______, a meeting of the leaders of the Catholic Church fight Protestant Reformation. To regain the political and religious authority
Council of Trent
Name at least three scientist from the Scientific Revolution and for each name one achievement or idea they were known for
Varies
identify at least two causes for the Age of Absolutism
- Declining power of the Catholic Church
- Decline of Feudalism
- Kings gained massive wealth through economic system of mercantilism
- Because of Protestant Reformation, Kings were subjected to power of Catholic Church such as excommunication, could chose different religions
- Growth of Middle Class which preferred the stability created by centralized nations