Basics of Mirror Therapy
This is a cost-effective and evidence-based neuromuscular treatment method used to reduce pain and regain function in which a person views the reflection of an intact/pain-free limb to decrease pain or increase motion/mobility.
What is Mirror Therapy?
Bondoc et al. found that mirror therapy combined with _________-__________ __________ leads to clinically meaningful changes in motor function after intervention and at follow-up.
The progression of mirror therapy exercises should go from basic ________ _________ ________ to ___________ __________.
What is fine motor exercises and what is functional exercises?
What are mirror neurons?
This was the neuropsychologist who first described Mirror Therapy in 1996 as a treatment method for phantom limb pain in patients who had undergone an amputation.
Dr. V.S. Ramachandran
This percentage of stroke patients have an UE or LE motor impairment leading to challenges with ADLs.
What is 80%
The therapist should spend the first session (or sessions) training the patient to ____________ the reflected image as their affected extremity/limb.
What is visualize?
These are the two main theories that help explain how mirror therapy works.
What is the primary motor cortex mechanism and the mirror neuron mechanism
What is Graded Motor Imagery?
Cacchio et al. randomized 24 patients with a history of stroke hemiparesis into 3 groups. Name the conditions of each group?
What is...
Group 1: Viewed a reflected image of the unaffected arm in a mirror (Mirror Therapy)
Group 2: Viewed a covered mirror (covered mirror group)
Group 3: Instructed to mentally visualize normal movement of both extremities (Motor Imagery group)
The frequency of mirror therapy session is a minimum of ______ ______ for _____ minutes per session.
What is once daily and what is 10?
This theory states that the __________ _________ _______ of the brain does not differentiate between movements of the unaffected limb and reflected limb, leading to the activation of this region of the brain when patients utilize the mirror box.
"Viewing the reflection of the intact/unaffected limb in place of the phantom limb or affected limb in hemiparesis provides _________ ____________, which helps to retrain the brain and thereby eliminate 'learned paralysis' of the painful limb."
What is sensory feedback?
Ramachandran and Rogers-Ramachandran found that mirror therapy helped decrease __________ __________ __________ in 10/10 amputees.
What is phantom limb pain?
The therapist should end the session by preparing the patient to view the _________ _________ after the mirror is removed.
What is the affected extremity/limb
The activation of the ___________ _________ _________ may reroute motor signals away from damaged motor neurons and to the primary motor cortex.
What is the superior temporal gyrus?
Patients should have what skills to benefit from mirror therapy?
What is postural control, functional vision, cognition and perception?
Finn et al. randomly assigned 15 veterans who had undergone UE amputees into a mirror therapy or control group. They found that the mirror therapy group had significant drop in _____ scores as measured on the ________ __________ _________.
What is pain and what is the visual analog scale?
Mirror Therapy treatment guidelines for addressing motor function are more ________to the patient while those for addressing visual neglect, tone, sensory impairment and pain is more ___________.
What is tailored and what is standardized?
What is neuroplasticity?