Chemistry of Life
Glucose is a building block of carbohydrates. What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
monosaccharide/ sugars
This organelle is the “powerhouse” of the cell because it provides the cell with energy
mitochondria
A segment of DNA is exposed to UV radiation. The DNA now contains abnormal Guanine (G*), which binds to Adenine (A) instead of Cytosine (C). This is an example of a
Mutation
How many nucleotides are needed to code for one amino acid?
3
This movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is...
passive transport
A fat molecule belongs to which category of organic molecules?
lipids
This organelle is a border around the cell and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Cell membrane
Some mutations can cause cells to continually divide through mitosis. This can lead to what disease?
Cancer
What's the correct sequence in the expression of a trait?
gene → protein → trait
Osmosis is the diffusion of ___________ (which substance?) across a semi-permeable membrane.
water
Fluoride is added to drinking water supplies in many states. People cannot see fluoride in the water because it _________
dissolves to form a colorless solution
DNA is located inside this organelle
nucleus
Reproductive cells are produced during which cell division process?
meiosis
What are the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide?
nitrogen base, phosphate, and the sugar
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and Oxygen
A scientist believes that a factory has been dumping acid into a local river. To test this hypothesis, which property of water should the scientist monitor?
pH
This organelle is made up mostly of phospholipids.
Cell membrane
Each body cell in an frog contains 20 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each of its gametes?
10
Three nucleotide sequences that code for an amino acid:
Codon
A scientist discovered a new treatment to stop cancer cells from dividing. Which cell processes does this treatment interfere with?
Mitosis
Some plants, like the Venus flytrap, obtain much of their nitrogen from amino acids found in the insects they trap. Which chemical compounds (macromolecule) is the source of the amino acids?
proteins
In plant cells this organelle is responsible for photosynthesis
chloroplasts
What's the acronym for cell division (Mitosis and Meiosis)?
PMAT
Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
Similar, but Thymine (DNA) is replaced by Uracil in RNA
Cyanide is a poison that prevents mitochondria from using oxygen. As a result, the mitochondria cannot produce: ___________ (sugar, lipids or energy)
Energy