This American cardinal, born Robert Francis Prevost, was elected on May 8, 2025, becoming the first pope from the United States—who is he?
Pope Leo XIV
This measurement, estimated at about one-fifteenth of a teaspoon per interaction, represents the water used for a single query to what AI system?
ChatGPT
What government policy introduced in the 1930s helped expand homeownership but also contributed to housing segregation through programs like the HOLC?
The National Housing Act of 1934 (part of the New Deal).
What two main groups are currently in conflict in Sudan, and who leads each group?
Sudan Armed Forces led by General al-Burhan and the Rapid Support Forces led by Hemedti
This treaty, concluded in 628 CE between the Muslims of Medina and the Quraysh of Mecca, established a 10-year truce but was later broken, leading to the eventual فتح of Mecca—what is it called?
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
Protests in March 2025 were triggered in this country after the arrest of Istanbul mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu—what country is this?
Turkey
Sam Altman estimated that approximately how many messages are sent daily to ChatGPT across the platform?
About 1 billion messages per day
What color was used on HOLC maps to label neighborhoods considered “hazardous,” and what group was most associated with those areas?
Red, and it was often associated with Black communities and other marginalized groups.
On what date did the current Sudan conflict begin?
April 15th
This expedition led by Prophet Muhammad in 630 CE resulted in a largely bloodless conquest of Mecca and the removal of idols from the Kaaba—what is this event called?
The Conquest of Mecca (Fath Makkah)
This international organization held a summit in The Hague on June 24–25, 2025, focused on collective defense among member states—what organization is this?
NATO
Professor Shaolei Ren estimated that 10 to 50 AI queries consume roughly how many milliliters of water?
About 500 milliliters
What major law was passed in 1968 to address housing discrimination following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.?
The Fair Housing Act of 1968.
What percentage of Sudan’s hospitals have shut down as a result of the conflict?
About 70%
During the Battle of Uhud, a group of archers left their assigned post on a hill, which allowed the opposing Meccan forces to launch a counterattack—what was the name of that strategic location?
The archers’ hill (Jabal al-Rumah)
In May 2025, a deadly attack in Jammu and Kashmir led to renewed military clashes between which two countries?
India and Pakistan
In data center cooling systems, up to what percentage of water is lost through evaporation during the cooling process?
Up to 80%
Why did housing segregation lead to unequal funding in public schools across different neighborhoods?
Because public schools are funded largely through property taxes, and neighborhoods with higher property values generate more school funding.
What major 2019 event led to the ousting of a long-time dictator in Sudan?
The 2019 revolution (a non-violent, youth-led protest movement that ousted al-Bashir)
This constitution, established shortly after the Hijrah, outlined agreements between Muslims, Jews, and other tribes in Medina regarding mutual defense and governance—what is it called?
The Constitution of Medina (Ṣaḥīfat al-Madīnah)
This 2025 global report milestone indicated that average temperatures had exceeded a key threshold tied to limiting climate change under international agreements—what temperature threshold is this?
1.5°C above pre-industrial levels
What type of infrastructure used to run AI models relies on cooling systems that consume large amounts of water and house specialized computer chips?
Data centers
How does housing segregation contribute to differences in health outcomes among different racial and ethnic groups?
It leads to exposure to pollution, poor housing conditions, limited access to food and clean water, increasing rates of diseases like asthma, cancer, and heart disease.
What is the primary goal of most Sudanese civilians regarding the country’s future political structure?
A transition to a civilian-led democratic government
In the Farewell Sermon delivered during the final pilgrimage, Prophet Muhammad emphasized the sanctity of lives, property, and equality among believers—on which pilgrimage was this sermon delivered?
The Farewell Pilgrimage (Ḥajjat al-Wadāʿ)