Covalent Bonding Basics
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons.
What shape is a molecule of methane (CH₄)?
Tetrahedral
Where was Mister Joe born
Italy!
What does VSEPR stand for?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
Why do atoms form covalent bonds?
To achieve a full outer shell and become more stable.
State the bond angle in a linear molecule.
180°
What is the largest organ in the human body?
the skin!
What basic principle does VSEPR theory rely on?
Electron pairs repel each other and arrange themselves as far apart as possible.
How many covalent bonds does nitrogen typically form?
3
What is the shape and bond angle of ammonia (NH₃)?
Pyramidal
What is the name of the closest star to Earth?
The sun! Otherwise its a star called Proxima Centauri which is 4.246 light years away if memory serves
How do lone pairs affect bond angles?
They repel more strongly than bonding pairs, reducing bond angles.
Explain the term ‘double covalent bond’ with an example.
Answer: Two shared pairs of electrons, e.g., O₂.
Pie bond and a sigma bond
Explain why water (H₂O) has a bent shape instead of linear.
Lone pairs repel more than bonding pairs, pushing the atoms closer.
Which is the largest continent by area?
russia which is 16,376,870 Km²
A molecule has 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs. What is its shape and bond angle?
Bent (non-linear), 104.5°
Why is the bonding in methane (CH₄) considered non-polar covalent?
Because the electrons are shared equally between atoms of similar electronegativity.
Predict the shape and bond angle of SF₆.
Octahedral, 90°
what is the capital of australia
Canberra!
Why is CO₂ non-polar even though it contains polar bonds?
The dipoles cancel out because the molecule is symmetrical.