Interphase
These are the different phases of interphase.
What are G1, S, G2?
These structures appear as duplicated chromosomes.
What are sister chromatids?
The microtubules attach to this protein.
What is a kinetochore?
The shortening of these specific structures causes the sister chromatids to separate and move to opposite ends of the cell, effectively elongating the cell.
What are nonkinetochore microtubules?
Chromosomes become ____ ______ during these phases.
What is less condensed?
This phase of interphase replicates DNA.
What is S phase?
This bundle of DNA condenses.
What is chromatin?
The maturation-promoting factor causes the phosphorylation of various proteins of the nuclear lamina, promoting the fragmentation of this structure during prometaphase.
What is the nuclear envelope?
Chromatids start separating when the pressure is sufficient to split this structure.
What is the centromere?
This is the number of chromosomes present during Telophase
What is 92?
This phase has the most important checkpoint.
What is G1 phase?
These structures disappear.
What are nucleoli?
This is the plane midway between the spindle's two poles at metaphase where the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes sit.
What is the equatorial plate?
The separation of sister chromatids does not begin until all the chromosomes are properly attached to this structure at the metaphase plate.
What is the mitotic spindle?
These 2 structures begin to reappear in each of the daughter cells being formed
What are the nucleoli and nuclear envelope?
If there is an issue, this phase enters a nondividing (quiescent) state known as G0 phase.
What is G1 phase?
This structure begins to form in the cytoplasm during early prophase.
What is the mitotic spindle?
By metaphase, the array of short microtubules has grown and is in contact with this part of the cell.
What is the plasma membrane?
This mechanism occurs only when the kinetochores of all the chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle and ensures that daughter cells do not end up with missing or extra chromosomes.
What is the activation of the enzyme separase?
The appearance of ____ and ___ are signs of the beginning of cytokinesis in plant and animal cells
What are the cleavage furrow and cell plate?
These cells can stay in G0 forever.
What are muscle/nerve cells?
During prophase, the spindle microtubules are able to incorporate more subunits of the protein tubulin by doing this.
What is polymerization?
This radial array of short microtubules extends from each centrosome by the end of prometaphase.
What is an aster?
During anaphase, the maturation-promoting factor helps switch itself off by initiating a process that leads to the destruction of this.
What is cyclin?
In animal cells, these specific types of microfilaments organize in a ring during cytokinesis and interact with myosin, causing the ring to contract like a drawstring.
What are actin microfilaments?