PROPHASE
This structure begins to break down during prophase, allowing the chromosomes to become visible
What is the nuclear envelope?
The chromosomes are still in this state, not yet fully aligned at the metaphase plate
What is random positioning?
The region where chromosomes line up during metaphase is known by this name
What is the metaphase plate?
The cell does this during anaphase
What is elongate?
This structure, made of actin filaments, helps in the formation of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis in animal cells
What is the contractile ring?
These thread-like structures condense and become visible under a microscope as distinct chromosomes
What are chromatin?
The nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing these structures to interact with chromosomes
What are spindle microtubules?
These structures, made of condensed DNA, align along the metaphase plate during this phase of mitosis
What are chromosomes?
Anaphase of mitosis results in the separation of these identical structures
What are sister chromatids?
This event signals the end of telophase and the transition to cytokinesis in animal cells
What is the reformation of the nuclear membrane?
The centrosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell, where they begin to form this structure
What is the mitotic spindle?
The spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes at this region of the chromosome
What is the kinetochore?
The spindle fibers that organize chromosomes in metaphase originate from this organelle
What is the centrosome?
During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart by the shortening of these spindle fiber structures
What are microtubules?
In telophase, the chromosomes begin to unwind into this less condensed form
What is chromatin?
These structures, composed of microtubules, begin extending from the centrosomes to attach to chromosomes
What are spindle fibers?
This important structure begins to dissolve, marking the transition to metaphase
What is the nuclear envelope?
The proper alignment of chromosomes during metaphase is ensured by this cell cycle checkpoint
What is the spindle assembly checkpoint
The separation of sister chromatids during anaphase ensures each daughter cell receives this
What is a complete set of chromosomes?
Cytokinesis in plant cells requires the formation of this, which is made of vesicles filled with cell wall materials
What is the cell plate?
These structures, which hold the sister chromatids together, begin to become visible
What are centromeres?
If the spindle fibers fail to properly attach to the kinetochore during prometaphase, this critical process is disrupted, leading to improper chromosome segregation
What is the spindle checkpoint?
If this process does not occur correctly during metaphase, cells may experience nondisjunction
What is chromosome alignment or spindle fiber attachment?
During anaphase in animal cells, the spindle fibers pull chromatids apart as the poles of the cell do this
What is move farther apart?
In cytokinesis, this process divides the cytoplasm and organelles between the two daughter cells
What is cytoplasmic division?