The Cell Cycle
What are the stages of interphase?
G1, S, G2
About how many cells in a human body?
37 Trillion
What are the 4 stages of mitosis? (in order)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the mnemonic device used to remember the steps of mitosis?
“Pass Me A Taco, Chef.”
What happens in the S phase?
Synthesis of new DNA (DNA replication)
What happens in the G1 phase?
Cells double in size
At what stage of mitosis are the chromosomes lined up equidistant from the poles of the cell?
Metaphase
The process of cell division is called:
mitosis
The cell cycle is driven by the activity of what biomolecule?
proteins
Cells spend 90% of their lives in which phase?
interphase
What occurs in Prophase?
Nuclear membrane disappears, DNA coils
What occurs in telophase?
nuclear membrane reappears & DNA uncoils
2 examples of cells that divide often:
Skin cells, Digestive tract cells
M phase is divided into what 2 stages?
Mitosis & Cytokinesis
What happens in Cytokinesis?
cytoplasm and organelles split into 2 identical daughter cells
At what stage of mitosis does chromatids split?
Anaphase
What are each of the checkpoints of the cell cycle? Which is the most important for regulating the cell cycle and why?
G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and M checkpoints. G1 is the most important because cells that pass through this checkpoint typically go through the entire cell cycle.
Nondividing cells (ex: nerve & muscle cells) are in what specific stage of the cell cycle?
G0
If a cell develops a mutation that allows it to bypass the checkpoints of the cell cycle, what could happen?
It could turn into a cancer cell, where it rapidly divides without normal growth signals
How do plant and animal cells differ in regard to cytokinesis?
Animal cells divide via a cleavage furrow, whereas plant cells divide by forming a new cell plate.
If a cell fails a check point what normally happens?
attempt to repair the damage , If the damage cannot be repaired, the cell will undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)
If a cell developed a deletion mutation in the gene encoding cyclin-dependent kinase, what do you think would occur?
Think about what cyclin-dependent kinase is and what it enables.
Cyclin-dependent kinase is the enzyme that binds to cyclin to form the maturation promoting factor. The MPF allows the cell to enter into the M phase. Without CDK, the cell would be unable to divide.