Cellular Reproduction
Define asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual: creates exact copies through simple division of cells; offspring receives 100% of genetic material from a single parent
Sexual: sperm and egg combine to form offspring; offspring gets 50% from each parent
________ creates exact copies of cells.
Mitosis
Names of Stages in Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Meiosis produces ________ copies of cells.
Diverse; remember Meiosis is random!
What are the three reasons for cell division?
Cells die and need to be replaced, growth, reproduction
________ uses sexual reproduction to produce gametes or reproductive cells.
Meiosis
Prophase
How many and what kind of cells are produced at the end of Meiosis?
4 haploid cells (reproductive cells aka as gametes - sperm and egg)
What are the three parts of Cell Division?
1. Interphase - replicating DNA, organelles, proteins
2. Mitotic Phase - dividing of cells
3. Cytokinesis - final splitting of cells
________ involves dividing of cells twice to produce 4 haploid cells.
How many and what kind of cells are produced at the end of Mitosis?
When does "crossing over" occur?
Prophase I; chromosomes exchange or trade pieces of themselves with one another
How do plants cells divide?
carry out cytokinesis differently; grow new cell wall called a cell plate; separates cell into two new daughter cells
How is prophase I in Meiosis different than prophase in Mitosis?
Prophase I: crossing over; chromosomes trade piece of themselves with one another
Prophase: DNA is packaged; chromosomes do not trade pieces with one another
In Anaphase, what is moved to opposite sides of the cell? (chromosomes or chromatids?)
What happens to the chromosomes during Metaphase I?
Chromosomes line up on either side of the Metaphase plate
What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?
Diploid: having two identical copies of each chromosomes
Haploid: having one copy of each chromosome
How is metaphase I in Meiosis different than metaphase in Mitosis?
Metaphase I: chromosomes line up on either side of metaphase plate
Metaphase: chromosomes line up in a single file line or in middle of metaphase plate.
Chromosomes line up in a single file directly on the metaphase plate (middle). Microtubules also appear and attach to the sister chromatids.
In Anaphase I, what is moved to opposite sides of the cell? (chromosomes or chromatids?)
chromosomes; because of Metaphase I, chromosomes (full X) are pulled to either side
In Anaphase II, sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell like in Mitosis