what
what are the roles of cell division?
reproduction, growth and development, tissue repair and renewal
in meiosis, when do sister chromatids become genetically distinct?
prophase I
where are the chromosomes in metaphase?
chromosomes are lined up along the midline of the cell (metaphase plate)
why is DNA coiled and condensed into chromosomes during the mitotic phase?
how do single-celled eukaryotic organisms produce genetically identical copies of themselves?
mitosis
what form does DNA exist in when the cell is NOT dividing?
chromatin
when is DNA duplicated?
S phase
where do microtubules attach to chromatids?
kinetochores
why aren't daughter cells the same size as mother cells?
cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm and results in daughter cells roughly half the size of the mother cell
how do organelles (e.g., mitochondria) replicate?
what is separated in meiosis I?
when does a tumor become malignant?
cancer cells lose attachment to surrounding cells and travel to other tissues through the blood or lymphatic vessels
where are sister chromatids connected to each other?
centromere
why are cell cycle checkpoints important?
to make sure the cell only divides when it is supposed to
cell cycle checkpoints
G1 = size
G2 = DNA damage or replication errors
M = chromosome alignment on the spindle
what is synapsis?
the pairing of homologous chromosomes (tetrad = four sister chromatids)
when do chromosomes decondense?
telophase
where does crossing over happen?
chiasma
why is meiosis important?
how are mitosis and meiosis involved in sexual reproduction?
meiosis = gametes
mitosis = somatic cells