Mitosis
State the number of daughter cells produced at the end of mitosis.
2 daughter cells
State what Homologous pairs are
homologous pairs are pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order
List the phases of mitosis in order
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
State the 3 key features of meiosis
synapsis, homologous recombination and reduction division.
State what the phrase "I plucked my apple" means
It stands for Interphase Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Identify what phase of mitosis when the chromatids are pulled away by the work of the spindles.
Anaphase
State the number of daughter cells produced at the end of meiosis.
4 daughter cells
State which step “Anaphase” is in Mitosis (first, second, etc)
Anaphase is the 4th phase
Define the term "haploid"
The presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells.
identify which cell division makes clones, mitosis or meiosis
Mitosis
Explain what happens during telophase
The spindle disappears and the nucleus forms around each set of daughter chromosomes
Explain what crossing over is and when it occurs
a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up.
Describe what happens during "Metaphase"
Metaphase is crucial for ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.
Outline the key events of prophase I in meiosis that contribute to genetic variation.
In prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up through synapsis, and crossing over occurs where chromatids exchange genetic material. This leads to new combinations of alleles, increasing genetic variation.
identify the key difference between mitosis and meiosis
mitosis is used for growth and tissue repair, producing identical cells, but meiosis is used for sexual reproduction, reducing chromosome numbers and promoting genetic diversity.
Explain the role of spindle fibers during mitosis and identify what phase this occurs in.
Occurs in anaphase when the spindle fibers pull the chromatids apart toward opposite sides of the cell.
Describe how crossing over during meiosis contributes to genetic variation.
Crossing over during meiosis exchanges chromatid segments between homologous chromosomes, creating many more possibilities for genetic variation of the gametes
Apply your understanding of mitosis to explain how the nails on your fingers grow
Nail growth occurs as cells in the nail divide through mitosis, pushing older cells forward to form the visible nail.
Explain why meiosis is important for sexual reproduction
it ensures that all organisms produced via sexual reproduction contain the correct number of chromosomes.
What’s the difference between a "sister chromatid" and a "homologous chromosome"
A sister chromatid is an identical copy of a chromosome, while a homologous chromosome is one of a pair, with each inherited from a different parent.
Apply your understanding of mitosis to explain how your body heals cuts and wounds.
The body uses mitosis to heal a cut on the skin. mitosis will create tons of new cells in periods of time to fill and replace damaged tissue and make it bigger again.
Apply your understanding of meiosis to explain why siblings with the same biological parents may have different traits.
Because of recombination and independent assortment in meiosis, each gamete contains a different set of DNA, so there would have different traits
Explain the difference between Anaphase in mitosis and Anaphase 1 in meiosis
Mitosis, anaphase results in the separation of sister chromatids. But in anaphase 1 of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes separate at the arms of the sister chromatids
Evaluate the potential issues of a failure in cytokinesis in mitosis.
if it fails can lead to, the cell may have multiple nuclei, causing growth issues which can lead to development of tumor cells which can result in cancer.
Outline the key differences between metaphase in mitosis and metaphase I in meiosis
In meiosis I, pairs of homologous chromosomes (i.e., tetrads) align at the equator of the cell but in mitosis individual chromosomes align at the equator