Mitosis Basics
What is the best definition for mitosis?
The process by which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
What phase of mitosis has chromosomes lining up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
What phase of the CELL CYCLE is the longest?
Interphase
What is the name for the "Twizzler" structures?
Centrioles
What did one cell say when his sister stepped on his foot?
Ouch, you stepped on Mi - toe - sis!
What is the final step of the cell cycle, where the cytoplasm divides and creates two separate daughter cells?
Cytokinesis
What phase involves the nuclear membrane disappearing, DNA forming into chromosomes, and spindle fibers forming?
Prophase
What is the stage where a cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division?
Interphase
What structure in animal cells helps organize the spindle fibers during mitosis?
Centrioles
What process do cells use to capture sunlight and make food?
Photosynthesis
What process is a part of the cell cycle that focuses on the division of the nucleus?
Mitosis
What phase has the nuclear envelope reforming around each set of chromosomes?
Telophase
What is the longest phase of Mitosis?
Prophase
What structure in a cell controls what enters and exits?
Cell Membrane
What structure contains the genetic material in a cell?
Nucleus
Critical Thinking: What could happen if the daughter cells produced during mitosis were not identical?
Aneuploidy (there are too many or too few copies of a chromosome).
This could lead to.... an increased risk of cancer, mutations that make cells more susceptible to disease, or developmental problems.
A chromosome is made up of two ________ __________.
sister chromatids
List the stages of mitosis with a brief description of each (you will have 60 seconds).
Prophase: chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane dissolves
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase: Nuclear membranes reform around the separated chromatids
What structure helps pull chromosomes apart during mitosis?
Spindle Fibers
List FOUR reasons a cell might divide.
1) to repair and replace damaged cells
2) to grow and develop
3) to reproduce
4) to form cancerous tumors
Critical Thinking: What would happen if a cell skipped the metaphase stage during mitosis?
The chromosomes might not align properly, leading to uneven distribution of genetic material (DNA) and possibly malfunctioning daughter cells.
Critical Thinking: List TWO major roles of the centromere (you will have 60 seconds).
1) Keeps the sister chromatids aligned until they are ready to separate during anaphase.
2) Serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers.
State the difference between the cell cycle and mitosis.
Mitosis focuses on the division of the nucleus (PMAT only).
The cell cycle includes all the stages of cell growth and division.
What are TWO functions of the nucleus in a cell?
It holds our genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell activities.
State two differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure (must be different).
For example, one has a nucleus and one does not only counts as ONE difference.
1) Nucleus: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
2) Size: Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler; eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex.
3) Organelles: Pro have no membrane-bound organelles; Euk cells have membrane-bound organelles.