Cell Signaling
The signal that binds to a receptor.
What is a ligand.
The phase of mitosis where the chromatin condenses and the centrosomes move away from each other.
What is prophase.
The type of feedback loop that reduces the effect of the stimulus.
What is a negative feedback loop.
This type of cell does not follow cellular checkpoints and can divide and grow infinitely.
What are cancer cells.
The main process that occurs in the G phases of the cell cycle.
What is growth.
This type of cell to cell communication happens with two adjacent cells.
What is direct contact.
The chromosomes line up at this cellular structure at the metaphase part of cellular reproduction.
What is the centromere?
Being in a state of relatively stable conditions is known as this term.
What is homeostasis.
This type of organism has DNA that is singular and circular in nature.
What are prokaryotes.
At the end of this stage of the cell cycle, each chromosome consists of two attached chromatids.
What is S stage.
Endocrine signaling is a type of this type of signaling.
What is long distance signaling?
In metaphase, what cellular structures attach to the kinetochores to pull the chromosome apart.
What are microtubules.
Childbirth is an example of this type of feedback loop.
What is positive feedback.
A type of cell growth that has lost anchorage dependency.
What is a malignant tumor.
This portion of the cell cycle accounts for over 90% of a cells life.
The type of cell that signaling a cell releases local regulators by exocytosis.
What is paracrine signaling?
The cellular structure that ensures that the sister chromatids split evenly into both daughter cells.
What is the spindle checkpoint.
The term that describes when the body cannot maintain homeostasis.
Reproductive cells are these type of cells.
What are gametic cells.
These are the three external factors that affect cell growth.
Plant cells signal through these structures in direct contact to communicate with each other.
What are plasmodesmata?
In cytokinesis, this structure appears to cut the two new cells in half.
What is the contractile ring.
These four terms describe the essential components of feedback loops.
What are stimulus, response, receptor, and effector.
Two chromosomes with equal length that code for the same traits and are in the same centromere position are named this.
What are homologous chromosomes.
The internal control system that regulates the cell cycle is made up of two main components called this.
What are Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDK's) and Cyclins.