checkpoints
What is the most important checkpoint
G1
True or false: Cancer cells follow checkpoints
False
Name the stages of interphase in order
G1, S, G2
Name the three types of how cells communicate
Direct contact, local signaling, and long-distance signaling
How many chromosomes do humans have
46
What checkpoint checks for proper DNA replication
G2
What type of tumor can spread throughout the body
malignant
Name all the phases of mitosis in order
Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (not cytokinesis)
What are the two types of local regulators
Synaptic and paracrine
What type of cells are produced through mitosis
Body cells (stomatic)
What checkpoint can apoptosis occur
What are cancer cells considered
immortal
What stage are the spindles formed
prophase
Describe paracrine signaling
It secrets local regulators via exocytosis to an adjacent cell.
Define synaptic cleft
space between nerve cell and target cell
What checkpoint does apoptosis mostly occur in if you don't pass the checkpoint
G2
What tumor is considered not cancerous and stays at the tumor site
benign
What phase are 2 daughter nuclei formed
telephase
What type of signaling is used for nerves cells
Local signaling: Synaptic
Describe Synaptic signaling
Neurons secrete neurotransmitters and diffuse across the Synaptic cleft
what type of cells are mostly in G0
Muscle and nerve cells
On average how many mutations occur in the DNA of a cancer
60 or more
Describe the difference between cytokinesis in plants in animals
Animals have a cleavage furrow and it is formed due to a contractile ring. Plants from a cell plate.
Describe long-distance signaling in Animals and plants.
Animals have specialized cells that release hormones into the circulatory system that reach target cells (endocrine signaling). Plants release hormones that travel the plant's vascular system tissue(xylem and phloem) or thought the air to reach target tissues.
How many chromosomes are in our gamete cells
23