Nucleus breaks down; chromosomes condense; centrioles move away; spindle fibers forming
What is Prophase?
Nucleus breaks down; spindle fibers form; DNA coils into visible chromosomes (2 pairs form a tetrad (4 chromatids)); crossing over occurs
Tetrads stay in pairs and align in center; spindle fibers attach to kinetochores on individual sister chromatids
What is Prophase I and Metaphase I?
The 4 phases
What is G1, S, G2, G0?
Made up of two centrioles; function in the formation of spindle fibers
What are centrosomes?
Sudden cell death
What is apoptosis?
Chromosomes in middle; spindle fibers connect to chromosomes
What is Metaphase?
Spindle fibers separate tetrads; grouped sister chromatids are pulled apart
Nucleus reforms; chromosomes stay condensed; each nucleus contains one pair of each chromosome
What is Anaphase I and Telophase I?
Cell growth
What is G1?
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome
What are chromatids?
An indentation that appears in a cell's surface when the cell is in telophase
What is the cleavage furrow?
Chromosomes separate; chromatids pulled to opposite sides of the cell
What is Anaphase?
Sister chromatids align across center of cell; spindle fibers attach to each side of the sister chromatids
What is Prophase II and Metaphase II?
DNA replication
What is S?
The material that chromosomes are made from; consists of protein, RNA, and DNA
What is chromatin?
Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
What is diploid?
Nucleus reforms; DNA unwinds; spindle fibers break down; with cytokinesis, results in two daughter cells
What is Telophase?
Spindle fibers pull apart the sister chromatids towards opposite poles
Nucleus reforms, each containing one set of chromosomes; chromosomes uncoil; results in 4 daughter cells
What is Anaphase II and Telophase II?
Cell growth after DNA replication
What is G2?
What are spindle fibers?
The presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells
What is haploid?
Cytoplasm separates; 2 identical cells form
What is Cytokinesis?
The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring
What is crossing over?
No cellular division occurs; gap phase
What is G0?
The basic unit of life
What are cells?....duh
The primary method of reproduction of prokaryotic organisms
What is binary fission?