Mitosis
the process by which cells become specialized to serve different functions
cell differentiation
an inherited characteristic because they have the same genes
trait
experimented on plants to show genetic probability
Mendel
What are the 5 stages of mitosis in order
(interphase) prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (cytokinesis)
The number of daughter cells produced by meiosis
What is 4?
special undifferentiated cells- descendants can be more stem cells or differentiated cells
stem cells
the basic physical and functional unit of heredity - DNA
gene
the particular set of alleles an individual carries
genotype
The process in meiosis that ensures more genetic variation
What is crossing over?
5 main types of differentiated cells
fat, nerve, skin, immune, and muscle
different forms of the same gene
allele
the observable traits shown
phenotype
What kind of cells does mitosis make?
What are diploid cells or somatic cells
The phase of meiosis I where crossing over occurs?
What is prophase I?
the phase where the cell carries on normal activities. At the end DNA makes a copy of itself and mitosis or meiosis begins
interphase
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
chromosomes
the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells (meiosis)
crossing over
when two alleles are the same, both dominant or both recessive
homozygous
How many times does meiosis divide a cell?
2
the phase where the nucleus disintegrates
What is prophase?
have same length, shape, and they carry the same genes
homologous chromosomes
DNA
double helix, Deoxyribonucleic acid
two alleles that are different- one dominant one recessive
heterozygous