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The process that results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the original cell
Mitosis.
The process by which the chromosome number is halved.
Meiosis.
The end product of mitosis is the cell having two sets of chromosomes.
Diploid.
The longest phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase.
The phase when the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase.
The number of phases in mitosis?
4.
The number of cycles that meiosis goes through.
Two.
What is synapsis? When does it occur?
Pairing of homologous chromosomes.
- Occurs in prophase I.
What is the purpose of the cell cycle (3 roles)?
1. Growth
2. Duplication of DNA
3. Synthesis of organelles.
The phase when chromosomes pull apart toward the poles?
Anaphase.
G1
- Growth.
Processes in meiosis that ensures more genetic variation? When do these processes occur?
1. Crossing Over (Genetic Recombination) = Prophase I
2. Independent Assortment = Metaphase I.
The part of the chromosome that the spindle fiber attaches to?
Centromere.
What are linked genes?
Genes that are often inherited together (crossing over is less likely) because they are physically close on the same chromosome.
the phase where chromosomes reach the poles and begin to uncoil
Telophase.
Which stage do spindle fibers contract?
Anaphase.
Calculate the mitotic index.
Cells in interphase = 30
Cells in prophase = 20
Cells in metaphase = 25
Cells in anaphase = 10
Cells in telophase = 15
0.70
A cell has 50 chromosomes. How many after meiosis I?
25 chromosomes.
the name of the phase where DNA is copied
S phase of interphase.
the phase where the cytoplasm pinches off. How is it different in plants and animals?
Cytokinesis.
- Plants = forms cell plate
- Animals = forms cleavage furrow.
The purpose of mitosis?
Replacement of damaged cells, growth, asexual reproduction.
A cell has 50 chromosomes. How many chromosomes after meiosis II?
25 chromosomes.
How many egg cells produced from oogenesis? How many produced from spermatogenesis?
Oogenesis = 1
Spermatogenesis = 4
What is the difference between anaphase I and anaphase II of meiosis?
Anaphase I = homologous chromosomes are separated.
Anaphase II = sister chromatids are separated.
the phase where chromosomes become visible
Prophase.