Show:
Mitral Regurg A
Mitral Regurg B
Mitral Stenosis A
Mitral Stenosis B
Mitral Valve
100

Untreated mitral regurgitation can lead to what cardiac condition?

Congestive Heart Failure

100

What side of the MV will the PISA radius be with Mitral Regurgitation?


Ventricular side

100

Condition impedes diastolic blood flow into the left ventricle?

Mitral stenosis

100

Using the MV pressure half-time (PHT), what is the equation for Mitral Valve Area (MVA)?

MVA = 220 / PHT

100

Which one of the below conditions can cause a systolic murmur?

  • Mitral stenosis
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Tricuspid Stenosis
  • Pulmonic regurgitation

Mitral Regurgitation 

200

Murmur is associated with mitral regurgitation.

Systolic murmur S4 gallop

200

What direction is the color baseline shifted when performing the PISA radius for mitral regurgitation?

Shift down to -20-40 cm/sec

200

A reverberation artifact is most likely to be the caused by what kind of prosthetic valve?

Mechanical MV

200

What direction is the color baseline shifted when performing the PISA radius for mitral stenosis?

Shift up to + 20–40 cm/sec

200

Which one of the below conditions can cause a diastolic murmur?

  • Mitral stenosis
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Pulmonic stenosis

Mitral Stenosis 

300

Is a prolapsing mitral valve considered a Primary or Secondary type of mitral regurgitation.

Primary

300


What pathology is seen in the above image?

Mild mitral regurgitation 

300

What is the continuity equation to solve for the MVA?

CSA x LVOT VTI / MV VTI

300

When assessing a case of mitral stenosis what is the severity of MS with a documented mitral valve area of 1.3 cm2.

Moderate mitral stenosis 

300

Name the leaflet labeled “A” in the above image.

Anterior
400

What is considered a Secondary type of mitral regurgitation?

  • Annular dilation
  • Flail leaflet
  • Endocarditis
  • Congenital anomaly

Annular dilation

400

What procedure can be performed in the CATH lab for severe mitral regurgitation

Mitral valve clip

400

When assessing a case of mitral stenosis what is the severity of MS with a documented mitral valve mean gradient of 11 mmHg?

Severe mitral stenosis

400

What procedure can be performed in the CATH lab for mitral stenosis to increase flow across the valve, without valve replacement?

Valvuloplasty or balloon valvotomy

400

Name the leaflet labeled “B” in the above image

Posterior 

500

With severe mitral valve regurgitation what kind of flow pattern would be expected in the pulmonary veins?

Systolic flow reversal

500

What murmur is most commonly associated with mitral valve prolapse?

Mid-systolic click

500

What affect does mitral stenosis have on the left ventricular preload?

Decrease preload

500

Mitral valve area of 1.6 cm2, indicates what about the severity mitral valve stenosis?

Mild MV stenosis

500

What is the orientation of MV A3/P3?

  • Posterior
  • Anterior
  • Medial

Medial

600

How would you classify the above mitral regurgitation jet?

  • Holosystolic MR
  • Late systolic MR
  • Early systolic MR

Early systolic MR

600

Name the MV leaflet labeled “B” in the above image.

Anterior

600

Most common cause of mitral stenosis?

Rheumatic fever

600

A patient presents with a diastolic “rumble” murmur, and has a history of rheumatic fever. You perform an echocardiogram and obtain the following measurements: Use the continuity equation to solve.

  • LVOTd: 2.0 cm            MV VTI: 75 cm
  • RVOTd: 2.1 cm           LVOT-VTI: 25 cm

What is this patient’s Mitral Valve Area?

1.04 cm2

600

What is the orientation of MV A1/P1?

  • Lateral
  • Posterior
  • Medial
  • Anterior

Lateral