Basic Buzzers
In mitral valve regurgitation, blood flows backward from the left ventricle into which chamber?
The left atrium
Fatigue, dyspnea, and palpitations are all symptoms of MR. True or false?
True
What is the diagnostic gold standard for MR?
Echocardiogram with Doppler
Which medication type can decrease symptoms by reducing preload?
Diuretics
Severe dyspnea, pink frothy sputum, and hypotension in MR suggest what condition?
Acute decompensation/acute worsening MR
Which valve is malfunctioning in MR?
The mitral (bicuspid) valve
What type of murmur is associated with MR?
A holosystolic (pansystolic) blowing murmur
Which arrhythmia may develop due to left atrial dilation?
Atrial fibrillation
Which class of medications helps reduce afterload in MR?
ACE inhibitors (or ARBs)
What is the FIRST nursing intervention in acute pulmonary edema
Oxygen administration
Which chamber enlarges first in chronic mitral valve regurgitation?
The left atrium
MR murmurs are best heard at what location?
The cardiac apex
What might a chest X-ray show in chronic MR?
Left arial enlargement, LV enlargement, pulmonary congestion
What are key priorities in MR patients who develop atrial fibrillation?
Rate control, rhythm control, and anticoagulation
Papillary muscle rupture
True or false: acute MR is a medical emergency?
True
MR murmurs commonly radiate to what area?
The axilla
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels: elevated or normal in worsening?
Elevated
What lung sounds indicate worsening left-sided heart failure?
Crackles (rales)
Why are MR patients at higher risk for stroke?
Left atrial dilation -> atrial fibrillation -> clot formation
Acute MR most commonly presents with what two life-threatening complications?
Sudden pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock
False - severity depends on he amount of regurgitant flow, not volume of sound
Complete the phrase: "If the valve is leaking, the _____ is peaking"
Echo - it means that echocardiography is the best and most definitive test for detecting a leaking heart valve
Respiratory system
Mitral valve repair (better outcomes than replacement)