Anatomy
The shape of the mitral valve annulus
What is saddle-shaped?
The numerical constant used in the formula for calculating mitral valve area
What is 220?
The most common cause of tricuspid stenosis
What is rheumatic fever?
The auscultatory sound made, not with one's fingers, but with opening of stenotic atrioventricular valves
What is an opening snap?
The view that should be used to measure the vena contracta width of mitral regurgitation
What is parasternal long axis?
The shape of an anterior mitral leaflet that is affected by rheumatic heart disease
What is a hockey stick?
An electrical abnormality that causes the pressure half-time method to be invalid
What is atrial flutter?
Coughing up blood
What is hemoptysis?
The location of the mitral area of auscultation
What is the cardiac apex?
The shape of the spectral Doppler waveform of mild mitral regurgitation
What is parabolic?
The normal range of valve area of the mitral valve
What is 4 to 5 square centimeters?
A treatment for mitral stenosis that causes the pressure half-time method to be invalid
What is balloon mitral commissurotomy?
The sensation of feeling one's heartbeat
What is a palpitation?
The valvular abnormality that causes a diastolic rumble heard best along the lower left sternal border
What is tricuspid stenosis?
The direction in which the color baseline should be shifted to assess MR using the PISA method
What is away from the transducer (or 'down')?
The normal range of valve area of the tricuspid valve
What is 7 to 9 square centimeters?
The effect of severe aortic regurgitation on mitral valve area when using the pressure half-time method
What is overestimation?
The condition involving serotonin-secreting GI tumors that causes tricuspid and pulmonic stenosis
What is carcinoid syndrome?
The diastolic heart sound created by mitral regurgitation
What is S3?
The vena contracta width greater than or equal to which chronic mitral regurgitation is considered to be severe
What is 0.7 cm?
The most laterally positioned scallop of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve
What is P1?
The constant that must be multiplied by deceleration time to derive the pressure half-time
What is 0.29?
The genetic disorder that is associated with pulmonic stenosis
What is Noonan syndrome?
The valvular abnormality that creates a crescendo-decrescendo murmur heard best in the 2nd left intercostal space
What is pulmonic stenosis?
The formula used to calculate effective regurgitant orifice area using regurgitant volumes
What is EROA = RV/regurgitant VTI