Matter & Solubility
What is a pure substance? Name the 2 categories of pure substances
A pure substance is a substance that contains only one type of particle.
Pure substances can be divided into elements and compounds.
What is flow rate? How does it relate to the viscosity of liquids?
Flow rate is how quickly a fluid flows from one point to another. A liquid with high viscosity will have a lower flow rate.
What is fluid pressure?
A measure of the force a fluid applies per unit area, caused by the moving particles that constantly collide with and hit the surfaces around them.
What is desalination?
A method used to separate salt from saltwater to make it safe for consumption
What are the 4 factors affecting the rate of dissolving?
1. Agitation
2. Solute size
3. Temperature
4. Pressure
What is the density of water?
1.00 g/mL
What happens when the pressure outside a fluid container is greater than the pressure inside the container?
An implosion occurs (the container collapses)
What is distillation? How does it work?
A method used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids.
Distillation works when the different liquids have different boiling points.
What is the main difference between suspensions and colloids?
Suspensions separate easily, while colloids do not separate easily
What is the difference between viscosity and density?
Viscosity describes how thick or thin a fluid is.
Density describes the amount of mass per unit volume of a substance (ie. particle crowdedness)
What happens to gas particles when a gas is compressed?
The gas particles push back, creating a counter force that acts like a cushion by absorbing some of the impact.
What is the difference between a hydraulic and a pneumatic system?
Pneumatic systems use pressurized gases to apply force.
If a specific amount of ______ fully dissolves in a specific amount of ______ at a given temperature, then the solution has reached its point of ________.
If a specific amount of solute fully dissolves in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature, then the solution has reached its point of saturation.
What does Archimedes' Principle state?
The buoyant force acting on an object equals the weight (force of gravity) of the fluid the object displaces.
Why do we hear a pop in our ears when we are on a plane?
When we increase altitude, our eardrums experiences a difference in pressure between the inside and outside of our body. The pop occurs once the pressure evens out between the inside and outside.
Why is dehydration used in convenience foods?
Removing water slows down spoilage because bacteria and other microbes need water to grow