P&H - Economy
P&H - Private and Public Buildings
Sparta - Religion: Gods and Festivals
Sparta - Myths and Legends
AA - The Senate
AtY - Personality and Public Image
100
The primary economic activity/industry that supported the population of Pompeii and the surrounding Campanian region
What is agriculture?
100
A large country estate or residence, which often combined residential, agricultural and productive functions. Primarily found in Herculaneum and outside the city walls of Pompeii
What is a villa?
100
This goddess was considered 'local' or specific to Sparta and was associated with fertility and agriculture
Who is Artemis Orthia?
100
This mythical individual served as the giver and justification for Sparta's unique militaristic and communal lifestyle, responsible for rendering their laws legitimate and sacred
Who is Lycurgus?
100
In 29 BC, Octavian reduced the Senate from 1000 members to what in an effort to restore their status and reputation (dignitas)
What is 800?
100
The (masculine) quality often associated with Agrippina's character in ancient accounts
What is ambition?
200
Name TWO major agricultural products produced in Pompeii and the Campanian region
What is wine, olive oil, grain, fruits, and vegetables?
200
This wide-open space depicted in an artist's recreation
What was the forum?
200
Ancient historians, including Xenophon and Plutarch, both write about a religious practice by which young boys, as part of their education, attempted to steal this item from the altar in the Temple of Artemis Orthia whilst being whipped
What is cheese?
200
Spartans believed that their constitution came from this divine source
What is the Oracle at Delphi?
200
This individual wrote that “...he [Augustus] gradually pushed ahead and absorbed the functions of the Senate... Upper-class survivors [of the proscriptions] found that slavish obedience was the way to succeed... Political equality was a thing of the past; all eyes watched for imperial commands”
Who is Tacitus?
200
The accusation which is frequently made about Agrippina
What is she was overly ambitious and used any method available to her in her pursuit of political power?
300
The occupation depicted in this fresco from Pompeii
What is a fuller?
300
The name of a typical Roman townhouse
What is a domus?
300
The god associated with all three of the major Spartan festivals
Who was Apollo?
300
The god which the Spartan kings could supposedly trace their ancestry back to
Who is Zeus?
300
Name ONE membership requirement Augustus introduced for senators
What is a financial qualification (be worth 1 million sesterces), have completed a period of military service and/or be a man of good reputation?
300
The ancient author who is particularly important for our understanding of Agrippina's personality and career
Who is Tacitus?
400
This specific area in the forum acted as a more permanent market where residents of Pompeii could buy fresh food, including meat, fish, fruits and vegetables
What is the Macellum?
400
A palaestra was used for this primary purpose
What is training and exercising?
400
Name the three main religious festivals practiced by the Spartans
What is the Karneia, Gymnopaedia and the Hykainthia?
400
These two famous brothers were known collectively by this name
Who are the Dioscuri?
400
This individual wrote that Augustus "transferred the republic from [his] own control to the will of the Senate and the Roman people"
Who is Augustus?
400
Give TWO reasons historians should be cautious about accepting Tacitus' portrayal of Agrippina at face value
What is that Tacitus had biases and agendas, and his account was written decades after the events he details took place?
500
Name the object pictured and its function
What was the Mensa Ponderaria, a stone table used to measure and verify the accuracy of the size/quantity of goods sold?
500
Identify four activities an individual could do when visiting the baths in Pompeii and Herculaneum
What is bathing, socialising, playing games, eating/drinking, getting a massage and/or exercising?
500
Name one activity/aspect of the Gymnopaedia
What is chorus singing and dancing as means of youth displaying their athletic and martial skills?
500
The name of the twin brothers who made up the Dioscuri
Who are Castor and Pollux?
500
Explain ONE way/method that Augustus used to help maintain the façade of the Republic and/or that power still ultimately remained with the Senate
What is Augustus maintained Republican institutions, titles and procedures while accumulating unprecedented personal authority?
500
Give ONE reason that Agrippina's ambition may have negatively AND positively affected her public image
What is it could be interpreted positively as political competence and determination, or negatively as female transgression and an inappropriate desire for power?
600
Explain at least ONE social, administrative, religious and commercial function of the forum in Pompeii
What is the forum served social, administrative, religious and commercial functions in Pompeii. Socially, it was the city’s main gathering place, where inhabitants met and participated in public events. Administratively, it was the political centre of Pompeii, with buildings such as the Basilica used for legal and business matters. Religiously, the forum contained important temples, including the Temples of Jupiter and Apollo, demonstrating its role as a centre of worship. Commercially, the forum was surrounded by businesses and included the Macellum, where fresh food was sold. Therefore, the forum was central to almost every aspect of daily life in Pompeii.
600
Explain why the Building of Eumachia was contentious
What is that we are unable to know its function? It could have been used by the fullers guild as a meeting place; as a private space for transacting business and/or relaxation; or a place for wool and wool products to be sold and bought.
600
This famous historical event demonstrates the importance of the Karneia to Spartan military activity
What is the Spartans' delaying sending their full army to the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BCE because they were observing the Karneia?
600
Name THREE Spartan qualities and/or characteristics that the story of the Dioscuri reinforced
What are brotherly (fraternal) love equality, and/or athletic and martial ideals?
600
The TWO important titles/powers that Augustus received in 23 BC that allowed him to exercise significant influence over Roman political life
What is tribunicia potestas and maius imperium proconsulare?
600
Explain TWO reasons why Agrippina's personality is difficult for historians to assess
What is much of our evidence comes from hostile or morally judgemental ancient writers, meaning traits such as ambition, manipulation and ruthlessness may reflect literary stereotypes as well as historical reality? Also, what are gaps and/or limitations in the evidence?