Infection Control
HAI?
Hospital Acquired Infections
What is the most critical error a phlebotomist can make?
Misidentification
Blood drawn to quickly from a small vein will?
Collapse
What needle gauge is the green straight needle?
21 gauge
A hereditary inability to metabolize Phenylalanine?
PKU - Phenylketonuria
Using a safety needle to draw blood is an example of a work practice control to reduce the risk of exposure to BBP?
True or False
Explain your answer.
True
OSHA!! Workplace controls are routines that alter the manner in which a task is performed to reduce the likelihood of BBP exposure.
Engineering controls - are defined as items or devices that isolate or remove a BBP hazard like self sheathing needles and sharps containers, splash shields used for aliquoting and urine pour off.
Name 3 complications that can occur if a phlebotomist was blindly probing for a vein?
1. Accidental arterial puncture - blood pulses into the tube
2. Nerve injury - lawsuits!
3. Damage the vein - giving them less patency (state of being freely open)
A vein that feels hard, cordlike and lacks resilience is most likely?
Sclerosed/damaged
Which blood test always requires a butterfly needle to be used?
Blood Cultures
Who am I?
PICC
What am I used for?
Peripherally inserted central catheter - A PICC line is a thin, soft, long catheter (tube) that is inserted into a vein an arm, leg or neck. The PICC line is used for long-term intravenous (IV) antibiotics, nutrition or medications, and for blood draws.
What is the proper order for doffing PPE after collecting a blood specimen in a droplet precaution isolation room?
Gloves (hh), Gown (hh), Goggles (hh), Mask (hh)
(A mask with a shield replaces the goggles)
Why are EDTA samples collected before other tubes when collecting by skin puncture?
To avoid platelet clumping
Name 2 Conditions that require the removal of large amounts of blood?
Therapeutic Phlebotomy- Hemochromatosis - too much Iron build up and Polycythemia - overproduction of RBC
Needle gauge is selected based on?
The size and condition of a patients vein.
Beside or near patient testing is called?
POCT- Point of care testing
Contact Isolation precautions are used for patients that are positive with a BBP?
True or False?
Explain your answer.
False
Standard precautions
A lipemic specimen indicates the patient was probably not _________?
Fasting
The serum or plasma of a lipemic specimen is milky (cloudy white) because of high fat content. Indication the patient was not fasting.
What is the internal space of a vein called?
Lumen
You must collect an INR from a patient with IV's in both arms. Where is the best place to draw the specimen?
Include all possible criteria in your answer.
Below the IV - have nurse turn IV off for 2 min, take a full discard tube, IV back on, Document!
What is the abbreviation for After a meal?
PP- Post prandial
Infecting a patient through touching contaminated bed linens would be described as direct contact transmission? True or False
Explain your answer
False - Indirect contact
A tourniquet that is too tight will increases the effects of ______________?
Hemoconcentration - change in blood composition - erroneous results
Restricts arterial blood flow
Pain and discomfort for the patient
A permanent vascular access pathway that is surgically created to provide access for dialysis patients?
AV shunt or fistula
Cytogenetic/Molecular blood tests like Fragile X requires a chain of custody.
True or False?
Explain your answer.
False
Cytogenetic/Molecular genetic testing determines whether an individual has a certain genetic disease, increased risk for a certain disease.
EDTA, Other anticoagulant tubes used for genetic testing could contain ACD, or sodium heparin/Whole Blood/Room temp
What is the medical term for TDM drug levels when blood is collected to screen for drug toxicity?
Peak level