How's Your Head?
This muscle elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead during surprise.
What is the occipitofrontalis?
What is the nerve compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome, whose damage causes wasting of the thenar eminence and loss of sensation to the lateral three and a half fingers?
What is Median nerve
How many tarsal bones are there (in each foot)?
what is 7
What is the hallmark of T2DM (refering to the failure of tissues to adequately respond)
Insulin Resistance
Brown adipocytes perform this function
What is Thermogenesis
This cranial nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression.
What is the facial nerve (CN VII)?
What is the deep thenar muscle that rotates and flexes the first metacarpal to bring the thumb pad into contact with the other fingers, supplied by the recurrent median nerve?
Opponens pollicis
What are the ligaments that make up the lateral collateral ligament?
Anterior talofibular Posterior talofibular Calcaneofibular
What is the definition of T2DM
Hyperglycaemia due to insulin resistance and relative lack of insulin
Intermittent fasting has these benefits over the first 6 months
What is weight loss and Hba1c
This muscle is known as the “kissing muscle.”
What is the orbicularis oris?
What are the three muscular tendons that contribute to forming the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?
What is APL, EPL, EPB
Name one muscle responsible for plantarflexion and its attachments.
Gastrocnemius (femur to calcaneus) Soleus (prox. tibia to calcaneus) Plantaris (femur to calcaneus)
What are 3 mechanisms that can lead to B-cell faliure
Any 3 of: insulin resistance, increased metabolic load, systemic inflammation, inflammatory stress, ER stress, metabolic/oxidative stress, Amyloid stress, stressed islet integrity
This enzyme is responsible for intracellular amino acid digestion
Cytosol Peptidase
These are the only four muscles of the face not supplied by CN VII. Bonus point: This nerve division does.
What are the muscles of mastication? What is Mandibular of the trigeminal nerve?
What is the bony origin of the common extensor tendon degeneration from repetitive wrist extension causes tennis elbow?
What is Lateral epicondylitis
What nerve innervate the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular nerve
What are the effects of insulin resistance on adipose tissue, the liver, and skeletal muscle
Adipose: impaired suppression of lipolysis, leads to increased circulating FFA Muscle: fat accumulation in muscle Liver: reduced suppression of gluconeogenesis
These two transporters facilitate the absorption of monosaccharides from the gut
SGLT1 (Glucose/Galactose) + GLUT 5 (Fructose)
This muscle compresses the cheek during blowing and chewing.
What is the buccinator?
What is the anterior bony projection of the proximal ulna that prevents hyperextension of the elbow and is fractured in posterior elbow dislocations?
The coronoid process
Name the brances of the popliteal artery and their branches.
Anterior tibial artery --> dorsalis pedis Posterior tibial artery --> medial plantar and lateral plantar
Mechanism of Insulin resistance in the liver (5 dot points)
Unrestrained B-oxidation leading to mitochondrial ROS - ceramides -DAGs - Inflam signaling - ER stress
These hormones initiate lipolysis
Catecholamines via epinephrine and norepinephrine