DNA Isolation
UV spectrophotometry at 260nm measures ________ whilst 280nm measures __________.
nitrogenous bases in nucleic acid; proteins
Higher agarose concentration facilitates separation of ______ DNA fragments.
small
________ amplifies multiple targets simultaneously in a single reaction.
Multiplex PCR
The three features of chromosomes include ______, _____, and _____.
size, banding pattern, centromere position
In measuring RNA quality, a spectrophotometer with an absorbance maximum at 270nm indicates _______.
phenol contamination
During inorganic DNA isolation, protein is precipitated by:
Sodium acetate
What serves as a co-factor for DNA polymerase and stabilizes the DNA double-helix?
Mg
From the Ct results provided, which of the samples will have the most amount of DNA copies?
Sample A Ct = 23.45
Sample B Ct = 25.67
Sample C Ct = 28.90
Sample A
A karyotype is often stained using ________ to reveal banding patterns.
Giemsa stain
A common inhibitor of reverse transcription is ________.
RNase
You measure the absorbance of your DNA sample at 260 nm and get a reading of 0.480. The DNA sample was diluted 1:20. What is the DNA concentration?
480 μg/mL
(A260) X 50 μg/ml X dilution factor
Nucleic acids have a net ______ charge, therefore they run toward the ______.
negative; anode
SYBR green binds nonspecifically to primers.
True or False?
False
(binds to dsDNA)
In karyotyping, pretreatment with _______ inhibits microtubule formation, forcing cells to arrest before division.
colchicine
Oligo(dT) primers bind to the ________ of mRNA.
3' poly-A tail
During DNA purity analysis, your nanodrop reports a purity of 2.2. What does this suggest?
RNA contamination
What are the basic steps of PCR and how many primers do you need for PCR?
Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
Two primers (forward and reverse primers)
The temperature at which 50% of the DNA is denatured is called the _______.
melting temperature (𝑇𝑚)
The normal total chromosomal number for human somatic cells is _____ and are these cells aneuploid or diploid?
46, diploid
RNA dependent DNA polymerase utilizes RNA as a template to synthesize _______ while DNA dependent DNA polymerase utilizes _______ template to synthesize _______.
cDNA, cDNA, dsDNA
Which reagents are used for DNA extraction during a liquid phase organic isolation?
phenol, chloroform
During PCR, the negative control contains all reagents and _______ . This controls for _______ of the amplification reaction.
a DNA template lacking target sequence; specificity
The factors affecting melting temperature (𝑇𝑚) include _____, _____, _______, and ______.
GC content, amplicon length, salt concentration, and PCR conditions
In the Quinacrine-banding technique, the dark regions are composed of DNA rich in _______ and ______ while the lighter regions are composed of DNA rich in ______ and _____.
adenine, thymine
guanine, cytosine
The threshold cycle (Ct) value in qRT-PCR is inversely related to the initial amount of __________.
target RNA