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Korea
China 1
China 2
Japan 1
Japan 2
100
100: These 2 Korean kingdoms were incorporated into the Silla state in the 7th Century CE: a) Kobane b) Paekche c) Poke d) Koguryo e) Tang
b) Paekche d) Koguryo
100
Our records of early imperial unification by the Qin are written almost a century later by which person? a) Sima Qian b) Pan Chao c) Qin Shi Huangdi d) Empress Wu
a) Sima Qian
100
The An Lushan rebellion happened a. during the Tang dynasty by a general b. during the Han by peasants protesting famine c. spearheaded by Yang Guifei
a. during the Tang dynasty by a general
100
The Kofun period a. is from the 3rd c BCE to 3rd c CE b. sees emergence of mounted warrior class c. has distinctive pottery remains
b. sees emergence of mounted warrior class
100
During the Heian period a. Japan opened itself to trade with the outer world. b. ended all kinds of overseas contact c. Involved an extensive outreach to rural areas to consolidate the kingdom.
b. ended all kinds of overseas contact
200
What is a Chakravartin?
The Chakravartin is a moral and universal leader. Although the term comes from India, Korean kings began using the term after the introduction of Buddhism to Korea.
200
Legalism (and what role did it play in Qin expansion?)
(1) A school of classical Chinese philosophy that promoted centralized management of personnel through harsh and well-defined laws leaving no room for ambiguity, (2) Provided a relatively stable and orderly society that was beneficial in unifying and ruling a large empire.
200
What is the Yellow Turban Rebellion?
Grassroots rebellion from 184-189 (northern china). Famine, drought in Han China, also corruption. Millions died and entire provinces ravaged. Han went to powerful warlords to help them suppress the rebellion.
200
What is Makoto?
Shinto belief; Simple life-affirming code of conduct: sincerity of feeling and action.
200
What were Shoens?
Very large private estates. Followed equal field system where grant of land came with tax exemptions for nobility. Tax burden fell on peasants as a result. As more land was abandoned by peasants, they fell into shoens’ hands. Became powerful players in society and political court became irrelevant.
300
What is Sokkuram?
A Buddhist temple in Korea built during the Silla dynasty. It is famous for its syncretic style blending Buddhist belief with indigenous Korean religious building practices
300
What is the Amitabha Buddha?
Amitābha or the Buddha of the Western Paradise is the principal buddha in Pure Land Buddhism, which is a sect of Mahayana Buddhism. This sect is suitable for congregational worship and became most popular of all sects.
300
What were the Taba Huns?
The Huns of Northern Wei are from outside china. Conquered Chinese territories, needed something to form a coherent rule. Didn’t trust Confucianism. Buddhism as source of political legitimacy and social cohesion – generous grants from leaders to monasteries. Many of the Buddhist communities enjoyed tax exempt status. Imperial Patronage in Northern Wei eg. Lungmen caves. In return, services provided by monasteries and temples: (i) Prayers and rituals for the welfare of the state: pray for peaceful repose of royal kin. Syncretism with Confucian ideas since rituals are more in the line of the latter. (ii) Source of aid relief in rural areas – in times of famine, etc. medicine, surplus grain, dwelling. Social function in addition to religious. Caesaropapism in action.
300
What is the Decree of 741?
Shomu’s Decree of 741 – wanted buddhist temple to represent combined efforts of Japanese ppl; asked ppl to contribute towards building the Buddha statue. If you had money, great. Even a small effort if you don't have money would be appreciated. Greater sense of coherence to Japanese ppl and nationalization of temple building and buddhism.
300
What is Shingon?
One of the 2 main sects of Buddhism that came up during Heian Japan. Founded by Kukai and based on Mt. Koya. Less accessible to masses, meant to be esoteric. Had nationalistic appeal and was more popular with Heian elite since tantric practices helped these very bored people search for meaning in life. Heian courtiers were so detached from the outside world that the society became “more and more prey to melancholy and disillusionment”.
400
Matching terms: “Silla” and “Tributary relations with Tang”
Silla Kingdom, one of three competing kingdoms in Korea in the 7th Century CE, allied with the Tang dynasty of China in an attempt to overpower its rival kingdoms. Silla became a tributary state of the Tang, meaning that there was active trade between the two and Silla elites paid the Tang court money, until they eventually declared independence. This relationship with the Tang exposed the Silla to Chinese bureaucracy and Buddhism.
400
Matching terms: “Chan/Zen Buddhism” and “The Flower Sermon”
The origin of Zen Buddhism, a sect of Mahayana Buddhism that favors direct understanding through meditation and interaction with an accomplished teacher, is told in the story known as the Flower Sermon, in which Śākyamuni Buddha transmits direct wisdom to one disciple by holding up a flower. No one in the audience understands the Flower Sermon except one disciple, who smiles.
400
Matching terms: Zhou dynasty - North Gate scholars
Empress Wu founds Zhou dynasty. Came in as concubine and established her rule as empress. Murdered and schemed against royal family of princess and gained power by establishing a court favorable to her. Used culture and religion to strengthen her power. North Gate scholars are the many able ministers who supported her throughout her rule. They trusted her that she would rule with wisdom and responsibility. Also cultivated very able group of scholars – north gate – wanted them to be at the outskirts of women’s quarters of the court, so that she could access their learning. Commissioned them to write some very important treatises: asserted dignity of women. Series of biographies on famous women. Role of gender in how powerful women have been portrayed by history.
400
Matching terms: Shotoku - Confucianism
Shotoku’s attempt to assert imperial authority through the adoption of Confucianism as state ideology and Buddhism as state religion Prince shotoku became regent in 6th c when he was a child. Soga clan. Begin to see Buddhism as the central form of worship within the court. nstitutional legacy of Shotoku in 7th c – Sends letter from emperor of rising sun, to china, emperor of setting son; offended emperor of china. Chinese-japanese relations did not improve.But used many aspects of rule from China: Centralized infrastructure modeled after China. Seventeen Article Constitution (604) – not a legal document, a moral injunction for common ppl which addressed chaotic conditions at the time – Confucian values for order and Buddhist ethics to make ppl mend their flaws. Moral injunctions rather than an actual "constitution”. Embryonic stage of state formation.
400
Matching terms: Tale of Genji - Miyabi
Courtly Culture of the Interior Space: Detachment from the outside world is cultivated. Heian sensibility defined by Miyabi – refinement or discretion in taste in art, speech, comportment, etc. Obsessed with details, with minutiae of life. Very attuned to aesthetic, to what was beautiful. Lady Murasaki’s Tale of Genji completed around 1000 ce. “First” novel? Literature of the parlor”– of court life, impeccable style and taste. Romantic exploits of Prince Genji – Adulating palace women whose biggest dream was to be appreciated by the Prince. Heian influence on a distinctly Japanese aesthetic sensibility – refinement of speech, softness of voice, intonation, etc. Look for penmanship. Quality of stationary. Heian version of love at first sight is catching a glimpse of someone’s calligraphy.
500
This building was the center of state-sponsored Buddhism during the Silla and Unified Silla and was a beacon of Buddhism during its time.
Temple of the Yellow Dragon
500
In an attempt to reconcile Buddhist ritual and Confucian morals, this 10th Century Chinese scholar argues to preserve what important Buddhist practice?
Zannin--justification of the Incense Rite
500
Tao Yuanming’s poetry during Late Han that stands as symbolism of ppl not being happy with this life. Form of escapism took them to Taoist classic concepts: xiongzu - spontaneity. To follow laws of nature instead of society.
Peach Blossom Spring
500
Immigrant community in pre-Yamato state who mostly had commercial interests or dealt in finance. Useful to powerful clans.
Hata people
500
The term used to describe how Fujiwara used the women in his family to consolidate imperial power: Brother in law to 2 emperors, father in law to one, uncle to another and grandfather to two other emperors. Dominant force behind scene, controlling emperors who were mostly symbolic figures.
Borrowed wombs