stages
definition
a virus that targets the body's immune system and inhibits the person's body from producing adequate immune defenses
most common where
east and southern africa
lipohypertrophy
gain in truncal fat
advanced loss (HIV wasting)
BMI < 20
energy
30-40kcal
acute phase
transmission > seroconversion (detectable antibodies)
virus rapidly replicates
30-60% of cases develop acute symptoms
hiv associated lipodystrophy syndrome
definition
undefined wt loss of 10% in 6 mo.
etiology
inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, increased metabolic rates, and complications from the disease itself
pro
1-1.4 for maintenance
1.5-2 for repletion
you need more bc of the inflammation, fever, and other infections
clinical latency phase
active virus, replication rate decreases dramatically
can be asympt. from months to years
abnormal metabolism and deposition of fat
what is it combined with
chronic weakness, fever, diarrhea for 30 days
opportunistic infection
infections that take advantage of a weakened immune system
increase in REE for asymp pts
10%
symptomatic HIV infection
GI, fevers, weight loss, fungal and bacterial infections
what can HALS cause
significant loss
more than 10% in less than 6 mo
examples of OI specific to HIV/AIDS
thrush, toxoplasmosis, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, cytomegalovirus, tuberculosis, wasting syndrome
increase in REE with presence of OI
20-30%
progression to aids
more than 1 well defined life threatening clinical conditions
lipoatrophy
loss of subcutaneous fat
acute/rapid loss
more than 5% in less than 6 mo
common nutritional complications
swallowing problem dt thrush
loss of muscle mass
increased nutrient needs
decreased intake
micronutrient status
Gi issues
MNT for lipodystrophy
increased fiber is associated with less central fat deposition
encourage: fish or fish oil, MUFA, fiber, exercise
limit: simple sugars and alcohol