DiAbEtEs
Functions (3) of GLP-1 in the body.
Stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretions, and inhibits gastric secretions/emptying
Define atherosclerosis.
What is thickening of the walls of the vessels and a loss of vascular elasticity?
The medical name for fat cells.
What are adipocytes/adipose tissue?
Exophthalmos is associated with this condition.
Hyperthyroidism / Graves Disease
Blood calcium levels are regulated by this hormone.
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
What is: glycosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, and ketones in urine?
Name 4 general strategies for reducing BP.
What is: weight reduction, physical activity (PA), medical nutrition therapy, and pharmacological interventions?
Energy expended by the body to digest, absorb, and metabolize food.
What is the Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)?
If not enough thyroid hormone is secreted, the rate of metabolism decreases resulting in a condition called ________________. One form of this is called__________________disease.
What is: hypothyroidism; Hashimoto's disease?
Waist circumference predictive of chronic disease risk.
- greater than 40 inches (men)
- greater than 35 inches (women)
This medication decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin uptake in muscles, and is known for its negative GI effects.
What is Metformin/biguanides?
The contents of plaque.
What are monocytes that have engulfed LDL cholesterol turning into foam cells and finally plaque?
Weight loss surgery.
What is bariatric surgery?
The PMOS cycle.
What is: PMOS, insulin resistance, and excess weight?
Dyslipidemia medication with a negative grapefruit interaction.
What are "statins" / HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
Professor Cutter ate a BLTT (bacon, lettuce, tomato, and turkey) for breakfast and a plain hot latte. How many carb counts did she consume?
- two slices of whole grain toast
- two pieces of thick cut bacon
- 6 slices of deli turkey meat
- 1.5 t mayo
- 1 slice lettuce
- 10 oz 2% milk
- double shot of espresso
2 slices of bread: 15 g each, 2 CHO
10 oz milk: ~15 g, 1 CHO
= 3 CHO total
NSTEMI versus STEMI
What is:
- NSTEMI (non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) - partial blockage of coronary artery
- STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) - complete blockage of coronary artery
Adipocytes can increase in ______ and ______ , but do not decrease in ________ .
What is: size, number; and number?
The 5 diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome.
What is: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and high fasting glucose?
PMOS/PCOS does not have to include _______ for diagnosis.
What are ovarian cysts?
Draw/explain the interactions/cycle of insulin and glucagon.
A. High BG, A cells stop glucagon secretion, B cells increase insulin secretion. BG normal.
B. Low BG, A cells increase glucagon secretion, B cells decrease insulin secretion.
MNT for Heart Failure.
What is: reduce sodium intake, increase protein (1.2-1.5 g/kg), and fluid restriction?
Recommended reduction of estimated energy requirements for weight loss.
What is 500-700 kcal/day?
Draw out the negative feedback loop of regulation of the thyroid hormone.
1) T3/T4 is low
2) hypothalamus releases TRH, pituitary gland releases TSH.
3) TSH triggers release of T3/T4 by thyroid follicle cells
4) Elevated T3/T4 levels inhibit release of TRH and TSH.
15/15 rule
What is administering 15 g CHO during hypoglycemia, waiting 15 minutes, and retesting BG?