Renal/Urinary
Thiazide & Thiazide-like diuretics MOA?
Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule → ↑ urine output, ↓ blood volume
Sulfonylureas MOA?
Stimulate pancreatic insulin release
Decongestants MOA?
Stimulate α-adrenergic receptors → vasoconstriction → ↓ nasal congestion
Which classes of anti-infectives work by inhibiting bacteria cell wall synthesis?
Carbapenems
Cephalosporins
Penicillins
Lipoglycopeptides
Name the 6 cancer drugs we should recognize and know we cannot give as a student
chlorambucil
methotrexate
doxorubicin
vincristine
tamoxifen
imatinib
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors MOA?
Inhibit carbonic anhydrase → ↓ bicarbonate reabsorption → ↑ excretion of Na⁺, K⁺, HCO₃⁻
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors MOA?
Delay carbohydrate absorption from the gut
Steroid decongestant nasal sprays MOA?
↓ local inflammation
Which anti-infectives work by inhibiting protein synthesis?
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Lincosamides
Macrolides
Oxazolidinones
Immune stimulants MOA? And what is the drug called?
Enhance the immune response by increasing the production and activity of immune cells (e.g., lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages) and boosting cytokine signaling, helping the body fight infections or cancer more effectively.
Drug: Interferon alfa-2b
Urinary antispasmodics MOA?
Block muscarinic receptors → relax bladder smooth muscle
DPP-4 inhibitors MOA?
Inhibit DPP-4 enzyme → ↑ incretin levels → ↑ insulin, ↓ glucagon
Antihistamines MOA?
Block H₁ receptors → ↓ allergic response
Antivirals MOA?
Inhibit viral DNA synthesis
ending is -vir or -clovir
Immune suppressants MOA? What are the three drugs?
Work by inhibiting T-cell activity, cytokine production, or antibody formation to prevent or reduce the immune response, helping to prevent organ rejection or treat autoimmune diseases
Cyclosporine
Mycophenolate
Tacrolimus
Alpha-adrenergic blockers (BPH) MOA?
Block α₁ receptors → relax prostate/bladder neck smooth muscle
GLP-1 receptor agonists MOA?
Mimic GLP-1 → ↑ insulin, ↓ glucagon, slow gastric emptying
Expectorants MOA?
help clear mucus from the airways by increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of respiratory secretions, making it easier to cough up phlegm
Antimalarials MOA?
Interfere with parasite's use of hemoglobin (mosquito)
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
Monoclonal antibodies MOA? What do these drugs end in?
Monoclonal antibodies selectively bind to specific antigens on target cells marking them for destruction by the immune system or directly inhibiting their function, which helps treat cancers, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions.
-mab
Testosterone blockers (BPH) MOA?
↓ Androgen-stimulated growth of prostate tissue and certain tumors
Insulins MOA?
Promote glucose uptake, inhibit gluconeogenesis
Mucolytics MOA?
Break disulfide bonds in mucus → ↓ viscosity
Antiprotozoals MOA and the drug we MUST know in this section?
Disrupt DNA synthesis in protozoa
Metronidazole given in medsurg frequently!
What does Sera do?
Provide passive immunity (preformed antibodies)
Immune globulin