Amputation
What is amputation?
Intentional surgical removal of body part
A patient come into the hospital with a fracture that involves the head or neck of the femur. What is this called and what is this caused by?
Intracapsular hip fracture caused by trauma
A patient comes into the hospital with a fracture. The patient asks what a fracture is. As a nurse, how would you respond?
It is a break in the continuity of bone cause by bone strength or trauma, that can be non/ displaced or open/ closed.
What are the treatment options for a fracture?
pain meds, antibiotics, anticoagulants, casts, splints, traction, RICE, external fixation, internal fixation
What are the risk factors that can cause amputation?
anesthesia, heavy blood loss, blood clots, infection, failure to heal, persistent pain
A patient come into the hospital with a fracture on the trochanter region between the neck and diaphysis of the femur. What type of fracture is this and what is it caused by?
Extracapsular hip fracture caused by trauma
The patients husband asks what are the risk factors associated with fractures. How should the nurse respond.
age, bone disease, poor nutrition (vit D, C, phosphorus), lifestyle
What are the treatments for hip fractures?
pain meds, antibiotics, anticoagulants, anti inflammatory, bone density enhances, traction, cast, bed rest, total/ partial hip replacement, repair
What diagnostic tests are used to determine the need for amputation?
Xenon 133 studies, laser Doppler, skin fluorescent studies, oxygen tension measurements, skin perfusion measurements
A patient is in the ER for a hip fracture. What clinical manifestations might the patient be experiencing?
severe pain, stiffness, edema, bruising
What is the mnemonic for the clinical manifestations of fractures? Also what do they mean?
Bruising
Reduced movement
Odd appearance
Krepitus
Edema
Neurovascular impairment
What is compartment syndrome, the symptoms, the treatment, and how to prevent it?
Edema causes decreased blood flow, the signs are 6Ps, can be treated w/ fasciotomy or remove restrictive item, to prevent elevate, ice, delay casting.
What is the treatment for phantom limb?
massage, heat, nerve blocks, pain meds, neuro stimulation, therapy
What are the risk factors for hip fractures?
old age, osteoporosis, meds, nutritional deficits, alcohol/ tobacco, physical inactivity
A 13 year old patient has fractured his tibia. What diagnostic test will confirm this?
x-ray, bone scan, MRI, CT
What are the three healing stages of fractures and what is normal healing called?
1. Inflammatory
2. Reparative
3. Remolding
Normal healing is called union
What are the risk factors for phantom limb?
female, upper extremity, pre amp pain, pain in remaining limb
What are the diagnostic tests the patient will receive for a hip fracture?
x-ray, CT, MRI
A patient is worried about the complications after receiving surgery for a fraction. What might the doctor tell the patient?
compartment syndrome, fat emboli, infection, DVT, loss of sensation
How often should the nurse complete neuromuscular checks?
every 15 mins for the first 2 hours