Bone Problems
An infection of the bone that results in inflammation, necrosis, and formation of new bone
Osteomyelitis
Ends of bones are displaced out of their normal position and joint articulation is lost; "out of joint".
Dislocation
This test shows a more detailed cross-sectional image of the body; assessment prior to test includes allergies (contrast media, iodine, shellfish), kidney function. used to visualize tumors, injury to soft, tissue, ligaments, & tendons; and severe trauma
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
Impairment of circulation within inelastic fascia caused by external pressure that results in tissue death; created by casts, splints, dressings, etc.
Compartment Syndrome
most prevalent bone disease in the world; characterized by reduced bone mass, deterioration of bone matrix, and diminished bone architectural strength.
Osteoporosis
apparatus that provides flexion and extension of the joint; sometimes used after total knee replacement; has maximum flexion of 110 degrees.
CPM (CONTINUOUS PASSIVE MOTION)
A complete or incomplete disruption in the continuity of bone structure; defined according to its type and extent.
Fracture
Imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create high resolution pictures of bones and soft tissue; patients with most metal implants, clips and pacemakers are not candidates
MRI
Characterized by the presence of fat globules in tissues and organs after traumatic skeletal injuries (commonly seen after fractures of long bones, tibula/fubula, pelvis; key clinical manifestation include: Low O2 sat, petechiae on neck ,chest, axilla, or mouth; changes in mental status.
Fat embolism
Name the type of risk factors these represent in relationship to osteoporosis
Older age, Family history, History of fracture in first-degree relative, Caucasian or Asian female, Thin/small frame body type
Non-modifiable risks factors
After this type of surgery, you want to avoid extremes of internal rotation, adduction, and 90 degree flexion for 4-6weeks; avoid tub baths, jogging, heavy lifting, crossing legs and driving
Total Hip Replacement
Uses a pulling force to promote and maintain alignment to an injured part of the body; short-term intervention
Traction
Used to evaluate degree of osteoporosis
Bone Density
Patients with fractures of the lower extremities and pelvis are at high risk for this type of complication; associated with reduced skeletal muscle contractions and bed rest.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Name the type of risk factors these represent in relationship to osteoporosis
low Estrogen, Testosterone, Calcium, & Vitamin D; Use of corticosteroids; Lifestyle: smoking, alcohol, inactivity
Modifiable Risk Factors
Most common congenital disorder of the lower extremities
Club Foot
Most common type of skin traction
Buck's Traction
performed to detect metastatic and primary bone tumors, osteomyelitis, some fractures, aseptic necrosis, and monitor the progression of degenerative bone diseases.
Bone Scan
This complication has a high incidence with soft tissue injuries and open fractures; manifestations include: localized tenderness/pain, swelling and warmth on area of fracture, fever, malaise
Infection
metabolic bone disease characterized by inadequate mineralization of bone; major defect is a deficiency of activated vitamin D; results in skeletal deformities: spinal kyphosis and bowed legs.
Osteomalacia
Positive signs that confirm developmental dysplasia of the hip. (name two)
Ortolani, Barlow, or Trendelenburg
Device used to manage fractures with large amounts of soft tissue damage; involves the surgical insertion of pins through the skin and soft tissue into and through the bone.
External Fixation
permits visualization of segments of the spinal cord that may have herniated or may be compressed; consists of x-ray taken of spinal subarachnoid space after injection of a contrast agent through lumbar puncture; usually performed when MRI is contraindicated
Myelogram
5 P's of Neurovascular Compromise
Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis
Signs Associated with Carpel Tunnel Syndrome
1.)Holding the wrist in acute flexion for 60 sec- this will produce tingling and numbness: palmar surface of hand, index finger, middle finger and part of the ring finger.
2)Tapping lightly over the area of the nerve produces paresthesia
1- Phalens's Sign
2. Tinel's Sign