Patient Assessment
When assessing a sick or injured patient, which of these indicates the appropriate order in which this assessment should occur? A) Scene size-up, history, secondary assessment, and primary assessment B) Scene size-up, primary assessment, and secondary assessment C) Primary assessment; reassessment, and secondary assessment D) Scene size-up, secondary assessment, and primary assessment
B - scene size up, primary assessment, and secondary assessment
Which of these medications is included in the EMT scope of practice? A) Pepcid B) 50% dextrose (D50) C) Oxygen D) Benadryl
c - oxygen
Which of these is considered a benefit of the automated external defibrillator? A) Its ability to identify and confirm cardiac arrest B) The need for little-to-no CPR training to use the device C) The ease and speed with which it can be used D) Elimination of the need for a primary assessment
c - the ease and speed with which it can be used
When arrive on scene, a family member directs you to a bedroom where a 62-year-old male patient is in respiratory distress. During the scene size-up, which finding would most strongly suggest that the patient suffers from a chronic respiratory disease? A) Furnace turned on high with the humidifier running B) Bottles of aspirin and nitroglycerin on the nightstand C) Smell of cigarettes in house and the patient is obese D) Patient in a chair in tripod position and has a barrel-shaped chest
d - patient in a chair in tripod position and has a barrel- shaped chest
You are assessing an 8-month-old child whose mother states that he has been vomiting for two days and not eating or drinking normally. When assessing the pulse, you should check which site? A) Radial B) Temporal C) Femoral D) Brachial
d - brachial
You have been dispatched to an apartment for an elderly male complaining of shortness of breath. When do you start the process of forming a general impression about this patient? A) As you and your partner approach him B) Following the completion of vital signs C) After completing the primary assessment D) As soon as you obtain his chief complaint
a - as you and your partner approach him
A patient with difficulty breathing has a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which of these would be a likely type of medication contained in the MDI? A) Steroids B) Epinephrine C) Albuterol D) Oxygen
c - albuterol
Immediately following the onset of cardiac arrest, brain cells begin to die after: A) 6−10 minutes. B) 3−5 minutes. C) 4−6 minutes. D) 1−2 minutes.
c - 4-6 mins
What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children? A) Heart birth defect B) Respiratory compromise C) Accidental overdose D) Abuse and neglect
b - respiratory compromise
What does the "S" in SAMPLE stand for? A) Significance B) Seriousness C) Sign D) Severity
c sign
An Emergency Medical Responder informs you that a 59-year-old female patient is responsive to verbal stimuli. What would be the most accurate representation of this status? A) She cannot be awakened when her name is called. B) She is awake, but having difficulty telling you her name and where she is. C) Her eyes are closed, but she will open them if you call her name. D) She is able to answer all questions appropriately when asked
c - her eyes are closed but she will open them if you call her name
) As an EMT, you may assist patients in taking which kind of prescribed medication? A) Inhalers used for difficulty breathing B) Drugs for heart-rhythm disorders C) Seizure-control medications D) Medications for high blood pressure
a - inhalers used for difficulty breathing
You have been called for an elderly male patient who suddenly collapsed. On scene, you find an 82-year-old man lying on the garage floor. Assessment reveals him to be unresponsive and not breathing. What should you do immediately? A) Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation B) Determine the "down time" C) Apply the AED D) Check for a carotid pulse
d - check for a carotid pulse
When a child starts to become hypoxic, the respiratory rate will initially: A) Increase. B) Decrease. C) Become irregular. D) Not change.
a - increase
The EMT is using the OPQRST mnemonic to gather information from a patient with abdominal pain. Which of these patient statements is a response to the "P" component of this memory aid? A) "I have a past history of asthma." B) "It hurts worse when I take a deep breath." C) "The pain started about 2 hours ago." D) "My pulse feels as though it is racing."
b - it hurt worse when i take a deep breath
As you arrive by the side of an 84-year-old unresponsive female patient, you hear snoring respirations. Your immediate action would be to: A) Suction the mouth and airway. B) Perform a manual jaw-thrust maneuver. C) Determine the chief complaint. D) Administer supplemental oxygen.
b - perform a jaw thrust maneuver
After you assist a patient with use of her EpiPen, she tells you that it is much easier for her to breathe. However, her heart rate has increased from 92 to 118 beats/min. Regarding the epinephrine, the EMT recognizes the increased heart rate as a(n): A) Side effect. B) Allergy. C) Contraindication. D) Therapeutic effect.
a - side effect
A patient in early shock informs the EMT that he has had severe diarrhea and vomiting over the past four days. Given this history, the EMT should recognize the pathophysiology of the shock as: A) Decreased formed elements in the blood. B) Loss of red blood cells. C) Leakage of the capillaries. D) Loss of plasma volume.
d - loss of plasma volume
Which of these is considered an early sign of inadequate breathing in children? A) Blue-gray skin B) Barrel chest C) Crying D) Nasal flaring
d - nasal flaring
The EMT determines the medications a patient takes during which phase of the patient assessment? A) SAMPLE history B) Chief complaint C) OPQRST exam D) Primary assessment
a - sample
A 26-year-old male patient has been ejected from a car after it rolled several times in the median of the interstate. As you perform the primary assessment, you find him prone and unresponsive. Your immediate action is to: A) Logroll him into supine position. B) Place an oral airway. C) Apply a cervical collar. D) Assess his breathing.
a - logroll him into a supine position
Which of these is one of the five rights of medication administration? A) Right physician B) Right EMT C) Right allergies D) Right dose
d - right dose
A patient with severe gastrointestinal bleeding is in shock. Which ALS or hospital interventions would best correct the patient's underlying problem? A) Blood replacement B) Replacement of lost electrolytes by intravenous infusion C) Intravenous fluids D) High-concentration oxygen via endotracheal tube
a - blood replacement
Auscultation of breath sounds in a patient complaining of shortness of breath reveals wheezing. Which condition is responsible for this finding? A) Bronchiole constriction B) Mucus in the lungs C) Swelling in the throat D) Significant hypoxia
a - bronchiole constriction
During a CE class, the presenter asks the group for a good definition of an "acute medication," you would respond with: A) One that has to be taken at specific times of the day. B) One that is used to manage the symptoms of a terminal disease. C) One that is prescribed and taken regularly for years. D) One that is used to treat an exacerbation of a chronic illness.
d - one that is used to treat an exacerbation of a chronic illness
As you perform the primary assessment on an unresponsive patient, you discover vomitus in her airway. What should you do next? A) Apply supplemental oxygen B) Check the breathing C) Start positive pressure ventilation D) Suction the airway
d - suction the airway
When reviewing a prehospital care report, you note that a patient received nitroglycerin sublingually. As an Emergency Medical Technician, you should recognize that this medication was a: A) Tablet chewed or swallowed whole. B) Medication injected into a muscle. C) Tablet placed under the tongue. D) Mist inhaled into the lungs.
c - tablet placed under the tongue
When paramedics administer IV fluids as treatment for hemorrhagic shock, the fluids will: A) Not be able to increase the oxygen-carrying capability of the blood. B) Enable the lungs to better oxygenate the blood by increasing the hemoglobin level in the bloodstream. C) Reverse the shock by increasing the blood pressure and inhibit anaerobic metabolism. D) Stabilize the shock by restoring needed fluid and electrolytes to the intravascular volume.
a - not be able to increase the oxygen-carrying capability of the blood
You have been dispatched for a young child with difficulty breathing. As you enter the apartment, which scene size-up clue would best indicate that the patient is experiencing a problem in her upper airway? A) Grunting with exhalation B) Low-pitched sobbing and crying C) Stridorous noises with inspiration D) Audible wheezing on expiration
c - stridorous noises with inspiration
During your Emergency Medical Technician class, the Emergency Medical Services-Instructor asks the group for a good definition of a "chronic medication." Since you have already read the text prior to class, you would respond with: A) One that is prescribed and taken regularly for years. B) One that is used to manage the symptoms of a terminal disease. C) One that has to be taken at specific times of the day. D) One that is used to treat a sudden exacerbation of a chronic illness.
a - one that is prescribed and taken regularly for years
An intoxicated 19-year-old female patient has fallen through a large plate glass window. As you approach, you note her to be sitting up and holding her hand over a large laceration on her opposite arm that is still spurting bright red blood. In this situation, you would immediately: A) Determine the presence and rate of the carotid pulse. B) Provide high-concentration oxygen and treat for shock. C) Apply direct pressure to the laceration. D) Assess the airway for patency and breathing for adequacy.
c - apply direct pressure to the laceration
What is the most likely indication for the administration of oral glucose to a patient with diabetes? A) Diabetic history B) Headache C) Chest pain D) Low blood sugar
d - low blood sugar
Which of these remarks made by the patient best reinforces your suspicion that he may be suffering from hypovolemic shock? A) "I have been coughing up green mucus and feel weak." B) "I must have fallen and hit my head. I am very confused and restless." C) "I fell last night and think I hurt my belly; see the bruise?" D) "I have had diarrhea for the past four days."
d - i have had diarrhea for the past four days
A son has called 911 for his father, who is having difficulty breathing. On scene, the 81-year-old patient is lying on a couch in the living room, lethargic, and in obvious respiratory distress. He is confused, but has an open airway. His respirations are 38 breaths/min and shallow, and his skin is extremely diaphoretic with cyanosis in the fingertips. At this time, the EMT should: A) Assess the patient's breath sounds. B) Suction the airway of secretions. C) Determine the patient's past medical history. D) Start positive pressure ventilation.
d - start ppv
Proper care of cardiac arrest for a 6-year-old pediatric patient when there are no available pediatric AED pads would include: A) Compressing the chest to a maximum depth of 1½ inches. B) CPR with no AED placement due to lack of pediatric pads. C) Placement and use of the adult pads with adult energy levels. D) Two EMTs providing a 15:1 ratio of compressions to ventilations.
c - placement and use of the adult pads with adult energy levels
As you approach a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash, you note that he has dark, oozing blood coming from an open fracture to his lower left tibia and a large hematoma on his head. The patient was removed from the car by bystanders and appears confused. What should you do immediately? A) Take manual in-line spine motion restriction B) Assess and open the airway C) Apply direct pressure to the bleeding D) Provide supplemental oxygen
a - take manual in-line spine motion restriction
The Emergency Medical Technician should consider aspirin for a patient with: A) Shortness of breath. B) Headache. C) Fever. D) Chest discomfort.
Which of these conditions could be responsible for causing obstructive shock? A) Poor transfer of oxygen at the capillary level B) Loss of blood in the urine C) Blood clots in the lungs D) Infection throughout the body
c - blood clots in the lungs
When auscultating breath sounds, the EMT should recognize rhonchi when he hears which type of sound? A) Rattling-like noises that change when the patient coughs B) Crackling-like noises heard in the upper portion of the lung C) High-pitched whistling-like noises heard more on expiration D) Crowing-like sounds that are accompanied by a high-pitched cough
a - rattling like noise when the pt coughs
The EMT is correctly accessing for accessory muscle use when he examines which part of the body? A) Chest B) Back C) Inner mouth D) Nares
a - chest
Assessment of a patient's neck reveals that the trachea is deviated to the left. Based on this assessment finding, the EMT should suspect an injury located to the patient's: A) Abdomen. B) Head. C) Cervical spine. D) Chest.
d - chest
Which of these medications would the Emergency Medical Technician administer PO? A) Epinephrine B) Aspirin C) Albuterol D) Nitroglycerin
Which of these are some of the major categories of shock that the EMT will likely encounter? A) Hemorrhagic, distributive, anoxic, and obstructive B) Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive C) Hypoglycemic, obstructive, distributive, and hypovolemic D) Burn, hypovolemic, distributive, and hypoxic
b - hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive
A patient has a medical problem characterized by an increase of interstitial fluid in and around his alveoli. This condition would disrupt normal oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange by creating which type of disturbance? A) A neurological disturbance B) A gas exchange disturbance C) A perfusion disturbance D) A ventilation disturbance
b - a gas exchange disturbance
When a person is in shock, what is occurring in the body? A) The cells are not getting enough oxygen, and waste products are accumulating. B) The cells are getting glucose and other nutrients, but not oxygen. C) The amount of oxygen to the cells is adequate, but CO2 is not being eliminated. D) The blood carries an adequate amount of oxygen, but not enough nutrients for cell survival.
a - the cells are not getting enough oxygen and waste products are accumulating.
When assessing a stable patient with a medical complaint, which piece of information will typically be obtained first? A) Vital signs B) Level of consciousness C) Past medical history D) Chief complaint
c - past medical history
What is the best description of the purpose of the five rights of drug administration? A) Prevents clinical deterioration of the patient B) Makes medication administration easier C) Ensures therapeutic benefit to the patient D) Decreases the risk of a medication error
d - decrease risk of medication error
The underlying pathophysiology of distributive shock is: A) Damaged heart with poor contractility. B) Loss of blood volume. C) Poor fluid intake. D) Dilation of the blood vessels
d - dilation of the blood vessels
Following a call in which you treated a pediatric patient with croup, a new EMT who is in orientation asks you how you can differentiate croup from epiglottitis. Which of these responses would be most appropriate? A) "The child with epiglottitis is typically drooling; the child with croup rarely, if ever, drools." B) "Croup is typically associated with wheezing; epiglottitis is typically associated with crackles in the lungs." C) "The swelling associated with epiglottitis typically decreases with exposure to cool air; the swelling with croup does not." D) "Epiglottitis is accompanied by a cough; croup is not associated with a cough."
a - the child with epiglottitis is typically drooling, the child with croup rarely if ever drools.
At a continuing education seminar on shock, the presenter asks if there is a point where someone cannot recover from shock. Which statement made by an EMT is correct? A) "If the pupils are dilated and pulse is rapid, the patient cannot recover." B) "The patient probably cannot recover if the radial pulse is weak, even if the carotid pulse remains strong." C) "To survive severe shock, the patient needs a large amount of IV fluids immediately or a blood transfusion at the hospital." D) "Even with treatment, if shock has reached the final stage when multiple organs start to fail, death will result."
d - even with treatment, if shock has reached the final stage when multiple organs start to fail, death will result