Lung
Kidney
Heart
Testicular/breast cancer
Ovaries
100
What enzyme is elevated in sarcoidosis?
ACE
100
What histological finding confirms amyloidosis-nephropathy?
Apple-green birefringence on Congo Red stain
100
Which cardiac biomarker is used to diagnosis reinfarction?
Ck-MB. Levels decline after 48-72 hours whereas troponin will stay elevated for 7-10 days.
100
This quadrant is most commonly affected in breast cancers. Why?
Upper outer quadrant due to Tail of Spence
100
Which gonadotropin hormone is largely increased in PCOS?
LH
200
Name the location on imaging where you would see pathologic lesions from coal workers, asbestosis, and silicosis pneumoconiosis
Asbestos: lower lobes
Coal workers/silicosis: upper lobes
200
What cause of glomerulonephritis is associated with GAS infection?
PSGN
200
ECG shows absent P waves and irregularly irregular R-R intervals. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Atrial fibrillation
200
What histologic feature—resembling embryonic glomeruli—is pathognomonic for yolk sac tumors?
Schiller-Duval bodies
200
What rare androgenic ovarian tumor causes virilization (e.g., deepening voice)?
Sertoli-Leydig tumor
300
What histological and imagining findings are consistent with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis?
Noncaseating granulomas and bilateral hilar LAD
300
What finding confirms minimal change disease?
Podocyte effacement on EM
300
Name the four defining characteristics of TOF. Bonus: name the type of murmur present.
Pulmonary stenosis, VSD, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Bonus: harsh, systolic ejection murmur
300
Which aggressive testicular cancer is marked by extremely high β-hCG levels, gynecomastia, and early hematogenous spread to the lungs?
Choriocarcinoma
300
Which hormone rises sharply due to diminished ovarian feedback during menopause?
FSH
400
What metabolic complication arises from sarcoid granulomas?
Hypercalcemia
400
What biopsy finding confirms Goodpasture syndrome?
Linear IgG deposits along GBM on immunofluorescence
400
Name this lipid-lowering agent used in the treatment of CAD based off of adverse effects: myopathy, hepatotoxicity, headache.
Atorvastatin: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (decreased LDL, increases HDL, and slight decrease in TGs)
400
Name two cancers we've learned that present with a fried egg cell appearance.
Seminoma and dysgerminoma
400
What estrogen-producing tumor, associated with Call-Exner bodies, causes endometrial hyperplasia and postmenopausal bleeding?
Granulosa cell tumor
500
Name 3 gene mutations associated with IPF
MUC5b, TERT/TERC, SFTPA2/SFTPC (surfactant gene mutations)
500
Name 4 renal conditions that also affect the respiratory tract. What symptom would indicate respiratory involvement?
Goodpasture syndrome, microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatous polyangiitis, eosinophilic polyangiitis. Hemoptysis
500
Name 4 complications of MI and their timeline.
Ventricular arrhythmia: within 24-hours
Papillary muscle rupture: 2-7 days
Ventricular wall rupture: days-weeks
Dressler syndrome: weeks-months
500
Identify the following breast triple negative breast cancer, which presents histologically with lymphocytic infiltrate.
Medullary carcinoma
500
What two symptoms, associated with T2DM, result from insulin resistance in PCOS?
Obesity and acanthosis nigricans