Modal Theory
What is (are) the use(s) of "need to"?
necessity/obligation
In the case of fire, we ______ exit the building using the stairs.
must, have to, need to
We missed the plane because we stopped for coffee. We ________ left our house earlier.
should have, ought to have
We met a traveller. He had a heavy luggage.
We met a traveller who/that had a heavy luggage.
What are the colors of the UK flag?
red, white, blue
What are seven modal verbs?
Bonus: Name four more
may, should, can, be able to, could, might, ought to, need to, have to, must, would
The restaurant is only a 15 minute walk away so we _________ take the car. Also, there's a festival on the restaurant's street so we _______ park there anyway.
don't have to, needn't
can't
I didn't see her at school yesterday so she ________ left early. I _________ texted her to find out where she was.
may/might have
could/should have
He painted the picture. He hung it on the wall.
He painted the picture which/that he hung on the wall.
Which countries border the U.S. on the north and south?
Canada and Mexico
Of the following modals, which can indicate prohibition? There may be more than one.
can't, mustn't, needn't, don't have to, don't need to
Bonus: Which of these modals can indicate disbelief or deduction?
can't, mustn't
Bonus: can't
He won the race. He _______ be very fast.
Alternatively, the other runners ______ be very slow.
Bonus: What is another word that could go in the second blank?
must
may, might, could
She ____________ left her phone at home. Now, she doesn't know how to get to the restaurant. She usually doesn't forget her phone, so she ________ been tired. She __________ stayed home.
shouldn't have
must have
should/could have
Is it correct?
I've found a new friend that his interests are similar to mine.
INCORRECT
I've found a new friend whose interests are similar to mine.
What is the capital of the U.S.?
Washington, D.C.
She could run a mile in eight minutes when she was younger.
She could come with me to the race tomorrow.
What is the difference in meaning between these two?
The first is talking about a past ability while the second is a polite suggestion.
______ you like to bake a cake today?
Yes! I ______ find a recipe.
Perfect! We _____ not have all the ingredients but I ______ go to the store.
would
can, am able to
may, might
can, am able to
He only likes comedy movies so he _________ enjoyed Oppenheimer. He _________ gone to see Barbie instead. I think that he _________ seen Barbie but the rest of his family wanted to see Oppenheimer. He __________ done what everyone else was doing.
couldn't have, can't have
should have, ought to have
would have
needn't have
That's the teacher with a very loud voice. (WHOSE)
That's the teacher whose voice is very loud.
What makes up the UK?
Wales, England, Scotland and Northern Ireland
_____ I have another cup of tea?
What are all the modals that could go in this blank? To clarify, you want more tea.
What is the use of the modal in the question?
can, could, may
request
Students _______ talk when the teacher is speaking. However, there is one student that talks all the time in class. He ______ be paying attention. He _________ stop talking so he _______ pay closer attention and do better in class. He _______ comment on everything.
mustn't, can't, shouldn't
can't
should, ought to
can, is able to
needn't, doesn't have/need to
Did you study for the test?
I _________ studied but I didn't. Instead, I watched a movie, which I __________ done. I _________ studied more with a friend. I wasn't worried about the test, so I _________ felt pretty confident in the material. However, I failed the test, so I ________ known it that well.
should have, ought to have, could have
shouldn't have
may/might have, would have
must have
can't/couldn't have
I sent a message to a girl. She is ignoring me.
The girl....
The girl who/that I sent a message to is ignoring me.
The girl to whom I sent a message is ignoring me.
Which title do many British women use to avoid indicating whether or not they are married?