Memory
Other Impairments
Neuroplasticity
Assessment
Treatment
100
Cortical Area associated with Long and short-term memory.
Medial Temporal Lobe
100
Name three physical impairments associated with severe-moderate TBI
Blurred speech, loss of coordination, paresis of extremities, seizures, vomiting...
100
Aphasia treatment initiated in the chronic phase can result in major functional improvements, but meta-analysis indicates that the effect sizes are greatest when initiated during the acute postinjury period.
What principle is this?
Timing Matters!
100
A moderate-severe rating on the Glasgow Coma Scale.
Moderate score 9–12 and severe ≤8.
*Positive correlations between the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the scores on MoCA have been found (De Guise et al., 2014). Poor scores on GCS = Increased deficits.
100
This Tx targets anomia.
Semantic Feature analysis
200
Cortical Area most associated with Working Memory
Prefrontal Cortex-Dorsolateral Cortex
200
Characterized by memory loss for events prior to the trauma; retrograde amnesia follows a pattern in which events of the months or years preceding the trauma are forgotten, but memory is increasingly strong for older memories.
Retrograde Amnesia
200
Simply engaging a neural circuit in task performance is not sufficient to drive plasticity.
______ of a relearned behavior may be required to induce lasting neural changes.
Repetition Matters or Intensity Matters
200
Ross Information Processing assessment- 2(RIPA-2), assesses recall of general information, memory, orientation, _____, and auditory processing.
Executive Functioning (organization, problem-solving, abstract reasoning)
200
Spaced Retrieval Therapy involves practicing the recall of target information over increasing time intervals.
True or False: SRT improves declarative memory.
True, with the hopes that declarative memory becomes automatic (non-declarative).
300
Prefrontal Site for spatial memory, long-term memory retrieval (and decision-making)
Medial Prefrontal Cortex
300
Name the non-linguist cognitive-communicative impariments in TBI.
Attention, problem-solving, reasoning, memory, executive functioning
300
Sufficient motivation and attention are also essential to promoting engagement in the task.
Saliency Matters
Support identification of motivation factors and patient-centered care
300
The Rancho Los Amigos is a ten-level scale that assesses the level of agitation, confusion, and appropriateness of response and ________.
level of the need for assistance
300
This Tx helps improve the ability to focus on relevant material while ignoring irrelevant distractions and improves the speed of processing information.
Attention Processing Training (APT).
400
The hippocampus is implicated in learning and encoding new memories; what lobe is it located in?
Medial Temporal
400
What are some impairments in emotional control and regulation?
Inhibition, anger control, stress, anxiety
400
Name the Principal: Neural circuits not actively engaged in task performance for an extended period of time begin to degrade.
Failing to engage a brain system due to lack of use may lead to further degradation of function.
Use or Lose
This principle supports constraint-based training and any feeding Tx (opposed to enteral feeding).
400
Name two macrostructure elements we can assess using discourse analysis.
Hint: They both start with a C
Cohesion- a measure of how the structure of the utterances is unified (conjunction, pronouns).
Coherence- the relationship of the utterance to the adjacent utterances or to the overall topic (relevance, does it make sense?).
400
How can we mediate social-emotional impairments in patients with TBI?
Group Therapy, Conversation Therapy (social-communication training.
Conversation Tx: Training communication partners of people with chronic severe traumatic brain injury was more efficacious than training the person with a traumatic brain injury alone (Togher et al, 2013)
500
All the aforementioned areas are associated with Declarative Memory.
Declarative Memory is the knowledge that is accessible to conscious awareness.
What are two types of declarative memory?
Semantic- World knowledge; (e.g., tell me about a cat)
Episodic- autobiographical memory
Bonus: What is a type of non-declarative memory?
500
The amygdala and the hypothalamus send afferent info to the PFC regarding internal states (e.g., fear, level of arousal).
What types of impairments will we see if this connection is lost?
Emotional-Behavior impairment, (e.g., inability respond with appropriate emotions, lack of fear response)
500
Define Nueroplastcity and name the source we will cite when using it as a rationale for treatment.
The brain's ability to adapt on the macro or micro levels in response to behavioral or structural changes.
Neural rerouting through unimpaired pathways to make new connections.
(Kleim and Jones, 2008)
500
Name another informal assessment (besides discourse analysis) that is important to conduct on TBI patients.
Hypothesis testing or Social-Pragmatic Skills.
500
A strategy to improve short-term memory.
Hint: can be used in assessment and Tx.
non-word repetition