Enlightenment (1600-1800)
This virtual concept for a shift in cultural life was fueled by information and access to information. It led to rational debate and a shared arena for expressing informed opinions.
What is the Public Sphere?
This group of people was characterized by their socio-economic status as defined by means to access consumable goods and entertainment.
Who are the middle class?
Any form of communication that reaches a broad audience through reproduction, broadcast, or distribution—dissemination of the same information or representation to a large segment of the population.
What is Mass Media?
As the newspaper industry and other forms of commercial mass media expanded, this movement countered its effects on visual culture by referencing medieval type design and page layouts.
What is the arts and crafts movement?
This aesthetic movement straddled fine art illustration and commercial or graphic arts; demonstrated a form of early persuasion in advertisements by depicting identity—particularly female, alongside the products marketed.
What is Art Nouveau?
The advancement of this renaissance technology was responsible for the continued spread of information via printed material. It is responsible for the formation of communities of belief around personal opinion.
What is the printing press/moveable type?
This group of people is known for moving to cities to secure industrial labor jobs. Often producing goods yet lacking in the means to purchase consumer goods.
Who were the working class?
This portion of a newspaper's front page includes the name of the paper which is often set in a large face and is retained with only the date changing daily.
What is the Masthead?
This writer and critic critiqued modern life and industrial production from nearly every angle, proposing a return to the guild model of production.
Who is John Ruskin?
This art Czech Art Nouveau artist studied painting and sculpture in Paris but found greater reception for his work in the form of commercial illustrations, often for advertisements.
Who is Alphonse Mucha?
An early newspaper form that was large, printed on only one side and generally posted or distributed in public areas as a flier.
What is a broadsheet/broadside?
This group of people was an early version of what we now call the 1%. They owned and operated industries that required working class labor for the production of consumable goods.
Who were the industrialists/industrial capitalists?
This machine signaled a significant technological advancement in newspaper production and circulation. It was operated with a typewriter and set one line of text at a time into a type tray, expediting a compositors job.
What is the Linotype machine?
The founder and master printer of Kelmscott Press, a designer, printer, and distributor of Ruskin's arts and crafts ideas as a counter-movement to the dominant trend toward shoddy mass production.
Who is William Morris?
Propaganda was deployed but renamed after World War One and was called this by Edward Bernays in order to soften associations with persuasive messages.
What is Public Relations?
First developed long before in the classical period, these typefaces became most popular during the enlightenment and later evolved into a newspaper standard that still carries through today.
What are Roman (also Modern) typefaces?
A typeface designed to stand out graphically for its ornament, excess, or high contrast; emphasizing novelty and uniqueness among the many commercial enterprises that were emerging in the early 19th C.
What is a display or poster typeface? (wood typeface also accepted)
This graphic convention/content hybrid is said to be used to "make big news."
What is the headline?
This form of press developed with an intense focus on quality, craft, and content so that each publication was thought to be elevated to a work of art — early examples include Kelmscott Press and Doves Press.
What is an independent press?
This tagline accompanied reporting around an event where women smoked in public as a symbolic expression of their alignment with the women's equality movement.
What is "Torches of Freedom?"
Along with the increased availability of the technology to produce printed information, there was a public cry for circulation of such information without censorship. This initiated what concept that is still valued today as a cornerstone of democracy?
What is "freedom of the press?"
This movement in thought—primarily in art and literature, responded with a counterpoint to the harsh, increasingly mechanized reality of industrial production by seeking to access and represent the human spirit.
What is romanticism?
About the readership for his newspaper this character said, "They'll think what I tell them to think." (Citizen Kane, 1941)
Who is Charles Foster Kane?
When the material and end-product made by hand, particularly an art object, retains the particular marks of handmaking.
What is indexicality?
This large form of advertising was less discriminating in its audience than lifestyle magazines and sought to deliver a quick high-impact message with simple icons and bold graphic choices, mainly due to its scale.
What is the billboard?