Terminology
Term referring to the demographic collapse among Native Americans due to no immunity from European disease.
The Great Dying
People born in Spain who colonized the Americas during the 16th to 19th centuries
Peninsulars
Disease responsible for wiping out 90% of the Native American population in North America.
Smallpox
The highest point of the Ottoman Empire is located here.
Vienna
Islamic term for "warfare in the name of religion."
Jihad
A period of widespread cooling across the globe during the 1600s.
The Little Ice Age
Term for people born of Spanish and Native American parents.
This Old World food is directly attributed with increasing the life expectancy among Europeans during the 1600s.
The Potato
Considered to be the holiest city in Islam, this is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the location where he received the revelation of the Quran.
Mecca
The two major religions of the Mughal Empire.
Hinduism and Islam
A business that combines resources from multiple investors (shareholders) into a single enterprise.
Joint Stock Company
The spiritual leader of the Ottoman Empire and the successor to the Prophet Muhammed.
Caliph
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and Europe after the voyages of Columbus.
The Columbian Exchange
China's Qing Dynasty, lasting from 1644-1912, is otherwise known as this.
Manchu Dynasty
A historical Turkic word for a tribute or tax in fur paid to the Russian Empire
Yasak
An economic theory from the 16th to 18th centuries where nations sought to maximize wealth through establishing colonies for resources and markets.
Mercantilism
Mostly peasants and criminals, this group of predominantly Slavic people, known for their military power and semi-nomadic lifestyle, were tasked with strengthening Russia's border defense.
The Cossacks
Spanish colonial labor system that granted Spanish colonists the legal right to demand forced labor and tribute from Indigenous peoples.
Encomienda system
The second holiest city in Islam and the location of the Prophet Muhammed's burial.
Medina
Ruler known for expanding Russia's territory, championing the arts and literature and establishing religious toleration towards the Muslim community.
Catherine the Great
A territory where people from a colonizing nation move to permanently live, displace the Indigenous population, and establish a new society and governance system
Settler Colony
English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who wanted to cleanse he Church of England by removing Catholic practices, leading them to establish strict moral and religious codes.
The Puritans
The first elected, legislative assembly in the British Colonies.
The Virginia House of Burgesses
This country largely dominates the sugar market along the coast of Brazil.
Portugal
A government agency in the Qing dynasty that administered and governed the empire's Inner Asian territories like Mongolia and Tibet.
Court of Colonial Affairs