Category 1
Article I of "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" states that:
"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
What does the word "endowed" mean in the sentence?
Provided With
The 5th Amendment to The Constitution states:
““No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury … nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself… .”
What does the 5th Amendment specifically prohibit?
Trying someone for the same crime a second time
Article 24 of "The Maryland Declaration of Rights" states that:
"No man ought to be taken or imprisoned...but by the judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land.”
Which constitutional right is being described in Article 24 above?
The right to due process/citizens being treated fairly
The Declaration of Independence states:
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness..".
Which democratic ideal is being described in the excerpt?
Individual Liberty
In "Letters from England", John Southey wrote ""...a place more destitute of all interesting objects than Manchester, it is not easy to conceive."
What does the word "destitute" mean in the sentence?
Lacking
Executive Order 13217 states: “...to place qualified individuals with mental disabilities in community settings...The Federal Government must...help ensure that all Americans have the opportunity to live close to their families and friends...and to participate in community life.”.
What was the purpose of the executive order?
To protect the rights of individuals
In "Hard Times", Charles Dickens wrote:
"It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it……It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable (endless) serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever….. It contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited by people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day as the same as yesterday and tomorrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next."
What is the author trying to describe?
Difficult life for workers in industrial cities
In "The Second Treatise of Government", John Locke said:
“We must consider, what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or ... depending upon the will of any other man.”
What is the main idea of this passage?
People are naturally free and in charge of themselves.
Which philosopher wrote A Treatise on Toleration and advocated for freedom of speech and religion?
Voltaire
"It contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited by people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day as the same as yesterday and tomorrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next."
What does the word "inhabited" mean in the passage?
Lived
John Locke said: “We must consider, what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or ... depending upon the will of any other man.”
What does the word "bounds" mean in this sentence?
Rules
Which philosopher wrote The Spirit of the Laws and proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of a government?
Montesquieu
Author Charles Dickens wrote:
""It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it……It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable (endless) serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever….. It contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited by people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day as the same as yesterday and tomorrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next."
What is Dickens' view of industrialization?
That it pollutes air and exploits workers
Isaac Newton once said: "If I have seen farther than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants."
What does this quote mean?
Newton's accomplishments are because of what others accomplished before him.
Article I of The Maryland Declaration of Rights states that:
"All government of right originates from the people;...they have...the right to alter, reform, or abolish their form of Government...."
Which constitutional principle is described in Article 1 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights?
The people in a democratic society give their consent to be governed.
In "The Conditions of the Working Class in England" Friedrich Engels wrote:
"Every great town has one or more slum areas where the workers struggle through life as best they can out of sight of the more fortunate classes of society. The slums are generally unplanned wilderness of one-or two-storied houses. Wherever possible these have cellars which are also used as dwellings. The streets are usually unpaved, full of holes, filthy and strewn with refuse. Since they have neither gutters nor drains, the refuse accumulated in stagnant, stinking puddles. The view of Manchester is quite typical. The main river is narrow, coal-black and full of stinking filth and rubbish which it deposits on its bank. One walks along a very rough path on the river bank to reach a chaotic group of little, one-story, one-room cabins. In front of the doors, filth and garbage abounded,..."
How is Engels describing conditions of the working class?
Conditions for the working class were bad/negative