Renaissance
What does the term 'Renaissance' refer to?
Renaissance means 'rebirth'. It is applied to this time period because there was a rebirth in Ancient Greek and Roman culture.
What does the Reformation refer to?
The Reformation refers to the change where Protestantism branched off from the Roman Catholic Church.
What prompted Europeans to pick up and set sail?
The increased demand for goods like spices, silks, scents, and precious stones from foreign markets in Asia inspired the need for profitable trade routes.
The only major trading post in Japan before the 1800s was in a place called:
Deshima
Samuel de Champlain established which settlement?
Quebec
What does secularism mean?
Secularism is an attention to things and ideas not connected to religion.
What do many people believe was Henry VIII's primary motivation for breaking with the Roman Catholic Church?
He wanted a divorce so he could marry Anne Boleyn.
Spanish conquerors were called what?
onquistadores
What did the Chinese typically accept when trading their goods?
They accepted Silver
What were the goals or the Spanish monarchs when they colonized a country?
The Spanish monarchs sought to convert the Indigenous people to Christianity and to make Spain richer?
Who was Cosimo de Medici?
He was an Italian patron of the arts
Who were the Huguenots?
French Protestants who made up a small number of the peasant population but 50% of the nobility.
Where did Columbus wind up when he sailed West?
Columbus ended up in the Americas. He explored Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), Cuba, Jamaica, and the coasts of Central and South America.
What economic class grew in response to the new market economy?
The middle class
How did Pedro Alvarez Carbal's exploration differentiate the country from the rest of South America?
Because Cabral was Portuguese, when he colonized, Brazil began speaking Portuguese while the rest of South America spoke Spanish due to being colonized by Spain.
How did humanism change educational approaches?
It changed education by dividing the world into subjects that today are called the 'humanities' such as grammar, poetry, philosophy, history, and rhetoric.
What was the Spanish Armada and why was it used to attack England?
It was King Phillip II's fleet of ships that he sent to England to overthrow Protestantism and Queen Elizabeth.
How was the Mexica (Aztec) Empire conquered?
Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes and his men conquered the Mexica Empire by using guns and with the help of people the Mexica had dominated in the past. The spread of European diseases was likely an asset in weakening the Mexica people.
Define 'capitalism'
Capitalism is an economic system in which people invest in trading and goods for profit.
What were the Beaver Wars?
The Beaver Wars refers to the fighting between Indigenous communities over competition for the European fur trade.
Name two important Renaissance artists and their achievements.
Da Vinci- The Last Supper, the Mona Lisa, studied anatomy
Michelangelo- the Sistine Chapel, statue of David
Donatello- studied statues, statue of Saint George
Explain why Martin Luther's teaching may have been so appealing to peasants.
Luther's teachings were appealing to peasants because he taught about equality. He thought that faith alone- not doing good things and buying indulgences- could bring about a person's salvation
Why were common European diseases deadly to Indigenous people in the Americas?
Indigenous people had never been exposed to European diseases and did not have immunity to them.
What was the main factor that caused distrust between Japanese rulers and the Portuguese?
The Japanese were distrustful of the Portuguese because of Portuguese attempts to convert the Japanese population to Christianity.
How did landowners in the English colonies create division between white indentured servants and enslaved Africans? What was the long-term effect?
They passed slave codes, laws based on race that targeted enslaved Africans and white servants who allied with them. This developed a race-based system of chattel slavery in the American colonies.