French Revolution
1793-1794 was the most radical and bloody phase of the French Revolution, during which counterrevolutionaries were brutally oppressed by various horrific means - most famously by guillotine. This year is commonly called "The ______ "
The Terror
Although Christopher Columbus was Italian by birth, when he reached the Americas he was working for THIS European nation
Spain
This thousand year period which followed the fall of the Roman Empire is best defined as a civilization for which GOD AND HEAVEN were the center of all societal gravity
The Middle Ages
The 1648 Conference of Westphalia formally ended the wars of religion. Most importantly, the delegates collectively agreed that religion would thereafter be the business of the ruler inside his own realm. This was the final nail in the coffin of the medieval idea of a united Christian Europe...it is therefore considered the BIRTH of the ________ ________
Nation State
This is the name given to the trade system of the 18th century Atlantic World; a trade heavily dependent upon the movement of slaves. Essentially, trade routes and ships moved from Europe ---> Africa ----> Americas ----> Europe, and the repeated.
Triangular Trade
The French equivalent to American Independence Day is July 14, 1789. It commemorates THIS PIVOTAL EVENT that kicked off the French Revolution
Storming the Bastille "Bastille Day"
This European nation lost the first truly global War to Great Britain, the Seven Years' War in 1763 (also called the French & Indian War), which resulted in the loss of all its North American colonies
France
In the simplest terms, thinkers of THIS period refocused intellectuals and progress AWAY from religion - and also - AWAY from just societal elites. Instead, they focused on creating a better society for all humanity, with little regard for social status or questions of religion.
The Enlightenment
Thomas Hobbes saw the "State of Nature" as generally a bad thing. Name two adjectives which he used to describe life in this pre-societal place.
solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
The Toscanelli Map is famous because it well-represented the new intellectual curiosity of the Renaissance, and ultimately inspired and assisted THIS PERSON to DO THIS:
Columbus, Discover the New World for Europeans
Initially, most Revolutionaries did NOT want to remove the king. Instead, they wanted to create a mixed system involving a king and democratic assemblies. Such a government is called a _______________ ___________.
Constitutional Monarchy
The Renaissance period (1400-1527) represented a new embrace of the pre-Christian, human-focused culture of Greece and Rome (although Christianity remained of central importance). It BEGAN in this modern day European nation
Italy
The Renaissance represented a re-embrace of culture from the classical civilizations of _________ and _________, as well as advancements built upon their cultural legacy by __________ civilization.
Greece, Rome, Islamic
The Italian scientist Galileo spent the latter years of life under house arrest, because religious authorities wished to suppress his support for the _____________ view of the Solar System. (relationship of sun to earth and planets)
Heliocentric or Copernican
During the Middle Ages, monks divided society ideally into Three Orders. The advances of the Renaissance and Enlightenment changed society so it no longer reflected this ideal (although elites tried to maintain it nevertheless up through the French Revolution.) This society of "Three Orders" was divined into...
Those who Worked, Fought and Prayed
The Women's March to Versailles (the royal palace 12 miles from Paris) was an EARLY event in the Revolution that resulted in the king and queen being....
forced to return with them to Paris and take up permanent residence in the Tuileries Palace.
Prior to the American Revolution, THIS nation was arguably the most democratic in the world. It's government was a mix of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy.
What is Great Britain (England)
Western warfare during the 1700s was considered the "Sport of Kings" and (ideally) involved linear formations of brightly dressed soldiers fighting set piece battles by "gentlemanly" rules. Warfare during this period - in theory - did not involve civilian populations. The period has therefore been named "The Age of __________ Warfare"
Limited or Linear
Monarchy during the Middle Ages was "diluted" and not all powerful because kings had to answer - in part - to the Pope and did not enjoy complete power over church lands or members in their kingdoms. Following the Reformation and Wars of Religion, however, kings were able to shake such restrictions. This is called " __________ Monarchy"
Absolute Monarchy
In the film Last of the Mohicans, the French siege of the British Fort _____________ is central. This was a real fort in upstate New York and its capture represented one of the few French victories in this war.
Fort William Henry
Many Revolutionaries despised organized religion, and during the most radical phase of the Revolution tried to root out the religion which most French people practiced, Roman Catholicism. This process was called
Dechristianization
An explorer from THIS great empire led a series of 7 voyages throughout the Indian Ocean during the 1430s using a large and sophisticated fleet of ships. Unlike the Europeans, who were pursuing goals like trade, colonies and knowledge - THIS fleet was sailing to expand the influence and tribute of the imperial dynasty.
China
The Scientific Revolution (1600s-1700s) differed from Medieval/Classical science because it removed religious teaching or even philosophical reason as evidence for proving theories. Instead, it demanded that scientific theories MUST be proven by ___________ .
experimentation
This was the economic theory which preceded Capitalism. It viewed wealth as finite (a "zero sum game") and was dominated by nations competing over trade and colonies. Colonies existed to enrich the mother country. The circumstances leading to the Boston Tea Party are an ideal example of this theory in practice.
Mercantilism
The most important factor that differentiated a NOBLE from a COMMONER in in most societies was ....
Family Name / Bloodline