Day 1
Which nitrogenous base is replaced in RNA molecules (I.e. identify the replacement)
Thymine --> Uracil
T/F: DNA travels towards the anode during gel electrophoresis.
T: anodes are +, DNA is -
The term for bacteria that can easily take up free plasmid DNA is ______
competence
What is the law of independent assortment?
Separate genes are passed on independently of one another from the parent to offspring
In Canada, the research ethics board that needs to approve projects is called ____
tri-counsel policy
T/F: The central dogma states DNA > RNA > Proteins. This is strictly the correct pathway in molecular biology.
F: Recall: Reverse transcriptases!
Name 3 components of a PCR reaction mixture.
DNA polymerase
Primers
Reaction buffer
DNA template
T/F: all plasmids are single stranded DNA
F: They are dsDNA
T/F: The law of segregation states that allele segregation is RANDOM
T!
What is the difference between utilitarianism and deontology?
Deontology: moral code - right or wrong
Utilitarianism: what gives the most positive outcome
Negative
T/F: the goal of PCR is to amplify the entire genome.
NO! FALSE!! PCR amplifies a specific TARGETTED DNA sequence!!! Cannot amplify the whole genome at once!
T/F: Transformation is the process by which one strain of bacteria is transformed into another strain.
F: Transformation is the uptake of free DNA!
What are adaptors used for in NGS?
They act as primer sequences, and allow the attachment of DNA sample to flow cells
T/F: there is NO obligation to give back results for genomic assessments
T
What was the purpose of the lysis solution in DNA extraction?
breaks up the plasma and nuclear membranes, allows DNA to be accessible
At what temperature range are the DNA strands denatured?
94-98 *C
Gene editing has been a powerful tool in molecular biology. What does CRISPR stand for?
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
Why do we have to fragment the DNA sample before starting NGS?
NGS works with small pieces of DNA (~250 bp) at a time to generate clusters... our DNA in a natural state is too dense and large!
What property of isopropyl allows it to serve a function in DNA extraction? and what is the purpose?
1) non-polar
2) precipitates/clumps DNA
How many Oxygen atoms are missing in ddNTPs? and at which carbon(s) do ddNTPs NOT have Oxygen?
3' and 2' --> hence dideoxy
List 2 ways we use to increase the competency of bacteria.
electroporation
heat shock
CaCl2
The parental genotypes are: AA and aa
1) what is the likelihood of an F1 offspring being Aa?
a) if we cross F1 and F1, what genotypes do we get?
1) 100%
2) AA, Aa, aa, so all