Immunofluorescence
___ get tagged for visualization with immunofluorescence.
Proteins
List five types of microscopes
TEM, SEM, confocal, compound, stereo
What is an alpha helix?
Polypeptide chain that is coiled into a helix shape. Forms helix shape due to hydrogen bonds that are between residues only 4 amino acids apart.
How are amino acids linked?
peptide bonds
List three common model organisms.
Mice, zebrafish, Drosophila
What stains the nucleus blue?
DAPI
What is the difference between TEM and SEM?
TEM can examine inside of the cell. SEM examines the cell itself.
Beta pleated sheets can be ___ or ___
parallel, anti-parallel
At what pH are lysine and arginine positively charged?
neutral pH (7)
Before chloroplasts were inside of eukaryotic cells, what were they?
photosynthetic bacterium (eventually engulfed by eukaryotic cells)
True or false: Immunofluorescence uses dull colors to identify where proteins are.
False, immunofluorescence uses bright colors
Which form of microscopy uses lasers to image dyed samples?
True or false: there is directionality to the polypeptide backbone
True
What makes cysteine unique?
Capable of forming covalent disulfide bonds with other cysteines
What is Western Blot used for?
shows expression of proteins
___ are considered a tool in immunofluorescence because they bind tightly/specifically to proteins.
Antibodies
What are two examples of specimens viewable with a compound microscope?
Elodea, human cheek cells
denatured
What amino acid has a side chain that forms a covalent bond with the backbone amino group?
Proline
What is the justification for thinking that mitochondria used to be an aerobic bacterium?
What does immunofluorescence reveal about a cell?
Particular locations of proteins
Why does the SEM sample prep time take so long?
One must dehydrate and coat the sample with a conductive material?
___ proteins help a protein fold and prevent aggregates from forming.
Chaperone
How will changing a nonpolar to polar amino acid affect the function of a protein?
Could invert the protein/"undo" the hydrophobic effect, cause it stop functioning, etc.
What is a loading control in Western Blot experiments?
used to assess whether the same amount of DNA/protein was added to each well consistently