cholinergic receptors
Which muscarinic receptors are in the effector tissue of the postsynaptic membrane
M1, M3, M5
Neuron depolarization, triggering exocytosis, is dependent on which ion
Calcium
What’s the name of the toxin that inhibits the release of NTs that inhibit ACh, leaving it unnoposed, causing muscle rigidity
Tetanus
What is the effect of ACh in the SA node, AV node, and cardiomiocytes
SA node - decrease HR
AV node (and SA node) - decrease rate of conductionCardiomiocytes - decrease force of conduction
Activation of the M3 receptors in the urinary tract causes the relaxation of the sphincter, which has what effect
Promotes bladder emptying
What muscarinic receptors are present in the presynaptic membrane of the postganglionic neuron and what are their effects on ACh
M2 and M4 receptors
Decrease ACh release, decrease ACh in synapaseThe metabolism of acetylcholine depends on 3 amino acids, what are they and what is their purpose?
GLU - negative charge attracts positive charge on the amino of ACh
SER - hydrolizes the carbonyl group, initiating the acrtylated enzyme intermediate
HIS - honestly nothing but it’s there
What’s the name of the toxin that inhibits ACh exocytosis by cleaving SNARE proteins, decreasing ACh in the synapse, and causing flacid muscle paralysis
Botulinum
which ion channel does ACh decrease the activity of, causing a decrease in the rate of depolarization
L-type Ca channels
Activation of the M3 receptors in the GI tract increase secretion and muscle contraction causing what effect
Increase bowel movements and peristalsis
Which family of G protein receptors does each muscarinic receptor bind to
M1, M3, M5 bind to Gq/11
M2, M4 bind to Gi/o
Which antiporter is necessary for ACh to be stored in a vesicle
VAT
Which drug blocks CHT1, the symporter that transports choline into the neuron for ACh synthesis, causing a decrease in ACh production
Hemicholinium
Which muscarinic receptor lies on the endothelium of blood vessels which, upon bonding of ACh, indirectly relaxes the smooth muscle of the blood vessel, causing a decrease in blood pressure
M3
The sweat glands are unlike any of the other bodily systems that are innervated by acetylcholine, what is this key difference
It is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system
Which subunit of nicotinic receptors does ACh preferably bind to
Alpha subunit
Which molecule is recycled by AChE to be reused in the synthesis of ACh
Choline
Which drug inhibits VAT, the transporter of ACh into vesicles, decreasing the release of ACh into the synapse
Vesamicol
What is the effect of activation the M3 receptor in the cilliary muscle of the eye
Near vision
What is the effect of activation the M3 receptor in the constrictor/pupillary muscle of the eye
Decrease in pupil size (miosis)
A heteroreceptor, located in the presynaptic receptor of the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron, increases the release of which neurotransmitter which inhibits the release of ACh
Dopamine
What is the name of the symporter that transports choline into the neuron for ACh synthesis as well as sodium?
CHT1
what are the two effects of ACh in the respiratory system, which musclarinic receptors are involved
Bronchoconstriction (M2 and M3)
Increase in secretion (M1 and M3)