Anatomical Directions
This anatomical term means "toward the front of the body".
What is anterior?
This type of muscle is voluntary and is involved in respiration, chewing, swallowing, voicing, facial expression, and articulation.
What is the skeletal muscle?
According to Module 1, this is the start of muscle contraction and begins when the brain sends a signal telling the muscle to contract.
What is the action potential (AP)?
This type of tissue forms the framework of the body and protects vital organs.
What is bone (osseous tissue)?
This type of joint does not move and is exemplified by the joints of the skull.
What is a synarthrodial joint?
If something is closer to the body's midline, it is described using this term.
What is medial?
The proximal end of a muscle that generally remains stable during contraction is called this.
What is the origin?
These two proteins are found in the sarcomere and interact during muscle contraction.
What are actin and myosin?
This bony projection is a rounded or knuckle-like projection that is often found at the end of a bone and may form part of a joint.
What is a condyle?
This type of joint allows movement and rotation and is found between the first and second cervical vertebrae.
What is a pivot joint?
This term describes a structure that is farther away from the body and toward an extremity.
What is distal?
This type of muscle architecture is fan-shaped. The temporalis is an example.
What is radiating muscle architecture?
These structures form when actin and myosin link during the sliding filament theory.
What are cross bridges?
This opening in a bone or cartilage allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through.
What is a foramen?
This joint is located between the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages and allows the vocal folds to move toward and away from the midline.
What is the cricoarytenoid joint?
A structure located on the opposite side of the body from another structure is described as this.
What is contralateral?
This type of muscle architecture resembles a feather and provides good force but less range of motion.
What is pennate (penniform) muscle architecture?
During muscle contraction, the shortening of these structures causes the myofibril, muscle fibers, and ultimately the muscle to shorten.
What are sarcomeres?
This type of cartilage is flexible and rubbery and is found in structures including the epiglottis and external auditory meatus.
What is elastic cartilage?
This joint is located between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. Movement at this joint changes the pitch of the voice.
What is the cricothyroid joint?
This plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
What is the transverse (horizontal) plane?
The distal attachment of a muscle is important because it identifies the structure that will move when the muscle contracts. What is this attachment called?
What is the insertion?
Holding a glass of milk while producing force without changing the length of the muscle is an example of this type of contraction.
What is an isometric contraction?
Name the two major divisions of the skeleton and identify one speech-related structure included in the axial skeleton.
What are the axial and appendicular skeletons, with the skull or hyoid bone being an example of a speech-related structure in the axial skeleton?
Module 1 gives two meanings for this term: one involving the attachment of bones and cartilage and another involving the production of speech sounds.
What is articulation