M1:Cell Structure
What is the difference between prokayotic and eukaryotic cells ?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles
Compare and contrast the difference between diffusion and osmosis
Same:
-Passive transport
Different:
- Osmosis: movement of water across a membrane
-Diffusion: movement of ions across a membrane
Give an example of a unicellular, multicellular and colonial organism
Colonial: Slime mould, yeast
Multicellular: Everything we see (pretty much
Unicellular: any type of bacteria
What purpose does the digestive system have in mammals?
absorption of nutrients, minerals and water.
removal of waste
Which part of the heart contains the largest amount of muscle?
Left ventricle
What 2 organelles can only be found in plant cells
-Chloroplasts
-Cell Wall
How is the speed of diffusion impacted by SA to volume ratio?
when there is less surface area to volume rate of diffusion decreases.
What are the vascular components of a plant:
Xylem and phloem
What theory allows for the movement of water to occur in plants? (it's not xylem)
transpiration-cohesion-tension theory
Which organ is used to filter Urea from blood?
Kidney
How would you draw a scaled diagram of a cell?
-Record magnification of eye piece and objective lens.
- Draw in pencil/2D
- Label all components
State the method of an experiment demonstrating diffusion
Starch iodine exp
Explain why both chemical and physical digestion are used together.
Chemical breaks down food on a molecular level. eg. enzymes and acid
Physical breaks down food and increases surface area, speeding up chemical break down
Where does gas exchange happen in plants? (be specific about leaf structure).
- spongy mesophyll and through the stomata
Give the components and percentages of blood
Plasma- 55%
Platelets and white blood cells- 4%
Red blood cells- 41%
What are the 4 types of microscopes used by biologists?
1. Electron microscope
2. Fluorescence microscope
3. Light microscope
4. Confocal microscope
Why does transport within cells occur?
- create suitable forms of energy, including light energy and chemical energy in complex molecules
– movement of matter, including gases, simple nutrients and ions
– removal of wastes
Where does gas exchange happen in plants? (be specific about leaf structure).
- spongy mesophyll and through the stomata
Give the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O8 + 6O2
Explain how the requirements of a cell found in mammalian tissue are linked to the function of the digestive, gas exchange and transport systems
Digestive- provides nutrition, mineral ions and water for cellular respiration
Gas exchange- removal of CO2 and brings O2 for cellular respiration
Transport systems- moves minerals, nutrients, gases and water in and out of cells as required for function.
Explain why the structure of the cell membrane is describes as the 'fluid mosaic'....
When considering enzymes: What were the 3 conditions we changed and give their corresponding results? (renin specific)
Temperature: increased reaction rate until denatured
pH: increased reaction with higher pH (aka pH2)
Concentration of enzyme: As concentration increased rate of reaction increased
How are cells arranged in a multicellular organism?
multicellular organisms are composed of different specialised cells. Similar specialised cells grouped together and perform specific functions. Individual cells of a multicellular organism cannot live independently.
What is the difference in nutrient and gas requirements between autotrophs and heterotrophs? (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, glucose, lipids, mineral ions)
Nutrient/Gas Requirement
Autotroph/Heterotroph
-Oxygen gas
Diffuses into plant across the cell surface
Diffuses through the respiratory surface
-Carbon dioxide gas
Diffuses into the plant
Not required
-Water
Diffuses into the root
Ingested into the digestive system
-Glucose
Produced by photosynthesis
Ingested into the digestive system as either simple or complex carbohydrates, and absorbed into the bloodstream
-Lipids/proteins
Produced by the plant from glucose and mineral ions
Ingested into the digestive system and absorbed into the bloodstream as amino acids, fatty acids or glycerol
-Mineral ions
Move into the plant through the roots by diffusion and active transport
Ingested into the digestive system and absorbed into the bloodstream
Explain how the open circulatory system works...
Open circulatory systems are systems where blood, rather than being sealed tight in arteries and veins, suffuses the body and may be directly open to the environment at places such as the digestive tract. Open circulatory systems use hemolymph instead of blood.