Definintion of ROM
Def of Joint Range
Def of Functional Excursion
What is
1) movement of Body segment
2)Flex, Abd, add, etc.
3)Distance that a ms. is capable of shortening after its been elongated to its maximum
100
List types of Diagnostic Imaging
What is
Diagnostic radiography (xray)
Computed Tomography (CAT Scans)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Nuclear Medicine
Ultrasound
Bone scanes
100
Def of Pharmacokinetics
What is the rate at which drug concentrations accumulate and are eliminated from various organs of the body
100
The unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences of actual or potential tissue damage or experience expressed in such terms
What is definition of Pain?
100
2 major types of Aging
What is
Primary aging- normal changes with passage of time
Secondary aging- Result of changes in environment, nutrition, disease etc.
aging = loss of homeostasis and body attempt to bring back to balance
200
Reasons for decreased Rom
What is
1)Systemic Disease
2)Joint Disease
3)Muscular Disease
4)Surgical Insults
5)Traumatic Insults
6)inactivity or immobilization
200
List ABC's of Reviewing X-rays
What is
A-Alignment
B-Bone Density
C-cartilage Space
S-soft tissue
200
4 ways drugs cross membranes
What is
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
passive diffusion
Pinocytosis/Endocytosis
200
Classifications of Pain
What is
Acute- complex set of unpleaseant sensory, perceptual, and emotional experiences and certain associated autonomic, pyschologica, emotional and behavioral respones
Chronic- pain lasting 1 month beyond usual course of acute disease, or more than 3 months
Chronic Persistant-pain related to an ongoing disease process
Acute Recurring-pain off and on for periods of time with no pain in between
Chronic Pain Syndrome-persistant , intractable pain out of the proportion to the known underlying disease process
Breakthrough Pain- acute pain ocurrin in adition to chronic constant pain, either provoked or unprovoked
200
4 major theories of aging
What is
Genetic- mechanisms of aging located in nucleus of all cells
Hayflick limit theory- limited number of oppurtunity for cell to duplicate so aging intrinsic to all
Redundant DNA Theory- Limited oppurtunity to repair DNA
Non genetic- focus on out side of cell when cells come together to become organs
Free radical theory- positve ion potential to be highly reactive and causes disruption in body
Autoimmune theory-decreased ability of t cells to function
300
What are indications for AROM, AAROM, PROm
What is
1) Arom-Pt. able to actively contract ms. withou assistance
2)Prom-Pt. unable to move a segment, pt. not supposed to move a segment,evaluate inert structures, teach an active ex. plane
3)AAROM-same as ARom but pt. unable to get through ROM w/o assistance, Pt. has weak ms. (grade 2-3 -)
300
What is diffence between Diagnostic Imaging
What is
X-Ray-excellent for indicating Fx due to xrays get through bone and expose receptor but have increased radiation, and slow
Cat Scan-merges x ray with comp ( circular scanner) comp uses geometry to reconstruct image ( more expensive) uses for more 3-d imaging required
MRI-Similar to CTs, images are slices, uses for soft tissue detail, dislocations, changes in bone marrow
Pet scans-positron emission tomagraphy uses tracers such as radioactiv glucose to view metabalism of cells
Diagnostic US- uses US ( reflected us waves) to generate images through mechanical images. needs things to be distinguished between hyperechoic and hypoechoic
300
Phases of Pharmaco Kinetics
What is
1) Administation ( enteral, Parenteral)
2)absorption/distrubution(bioavailability)
3)Metabolism
4) Excretion
300
What are the Pain terms
What is
Nociceptive Pain- arises form stim of specific pain receptors. these responses respond to heat, cold, vibration, stretch, and chemical stimuli released from damaged cells
Non-Nociceptive pain- arises from within peripheral and CNS. Specific receptros do not exist here with pain being generated by nerve cell dysfunction
300
what are four components of Aging
What is
Biological-Changes in bio
Chronological- time with birthdate
Pyschological-sensory, learning , etc
Sociological- changes in roles, stats, etc.
400
What are contraindications for AROM, AAROM, PROM
What is
Immediately following a tear to a ligament, tendon, or ms.
in the region of an unhealed fracture
Immediately following surgical procedures to tendon, ligaments, ms., jt. capsules, or skin
400
Explain the Scotty Dog Picture
What is
The Eye- pedicale
The ear-superior facet
The front leg-inferior facet
the tail-contralateral superior facet
the back leg-contralateral inferior facet
the neck-pars articularis
400
certain enzyme inhibitors to look for
What is
cigarette smoke, cruciferous vegatables ( hasten drug metabolism)
Grapefruit juice acts to inhibit P450 enzymes , limiting drug metabolism, can lead to drug toxicity
400
Characteristics of Visceral pain
What is
Stretch, inflamation, and oxygen starvation receptors activated
poorly localized, vague deep ache, can be cramping. Produces reffered pain to lower back (pelvci) mid back(abdominal) upper back (thoracic)
400
3 Pyschological Theories of agin
What is
development theory- Aging starts when born and progresses through lifespan
disenagagement theory-as 1 ages , decrease in intrest in social systems is seen
Activity theory- old age time for fulfilment , age of wisdom
500
Limitations of ROM
What is
Prom: may be difficult when the ms. is innerveated and pt. is concious; will not prevent atrophy, increase strength or endurance, assist circulation
500
What is on the Diagnostic Imaging Report?
What is
1) time of exaam
2)Name of pt. and other indentifiers
3)name of referring physician
4)history
5)name or type of examination
500
Types of Variation in effects of drugs and metabolism
What is
Genetic Factors
Disease
Drug interactions
Age
Diet
Gender
Environment
Excercise
500
Gate control Theory of Pain Modualtion
What is severity of the pain sensation is determined by the the balance of exicitatory and inhitory intputs to the T cells in the spinal cord.
Excitatory input from c and A-delta nociceptor afferents
Inhibatory input from Substantia gelatinosa from large A-beta non nociceptor sensory afferents
500
effects of excercies on aging
What is
most detrimental effects of aging are slowed or reversed
see slides