Show:
Classification of Psychiatric Disorders
CNS: Anatomy & Physiology
Health Care Treatment Plan
Definitions
Serotonin & Dopamine
100
What are the two classification systems used for diagnosing disorders?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) issued by the American Psychiatric Association International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Ed. (ICD-10) issued by the World Health
100
What are the 4 Regions of the Brain
What are Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brainstem, and Cerebellum
100
Can psychologists prescribe medication?
No
100
Define alogia
What is the inability to speak- a negative symptom of schizophrenia .
100
What are dopamine and serotonin?
They are both important neurotransmitters in the brain. Dopamine focuses on emotion, experience of pleasure, and muscle movement. Serotonin focuses on pain, perception, sleep cycles and mood
200
Describe the 5 axes of the DSM-IV-TR
Axis 1-all mental disorders except personality disorders and mental retardation Axis 2- Perosnality disorders and mental retardation Axis 3- General medical conditions Axis 4- Psychosocial and environmental problems Axis 5- Global assessment of functioning
200
What is the largest region of the brain?
What is the cerebrum
200
Other than psychiatrists, what are 4 other medical professions that can prescribe antipsychotics?
Psychiatric nurses, (NP), Emergency Room Physicians, PCPs, and Physician Assistants
200
Define basal ganglia
What is clusters of gray matter deep within each cerebral hemisphere; involved in controlling movement and also play a role in thinking, learning, mood, and behavior
200
What are the 5 key dopamine receptors?
D1-D5. Antipsychotic drugs bind to various dopaminergic receptors, and nearly all are D2 antagonists
300
What are the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive Symptoms-the presence of something that should not be present..ex.delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech, or difficulty keeping thoughts on track, and either disorganized behavior or catatonic behavior. Negative symptoms- the absence of something that should be present. Ex. affective flattening, alogia, avolition, and anhedonia
300
What are the 3 main functions of the cerebral cortex?
What are motor areas that control voluntary movement, sensory areas that enable us to experience sensations, and association areas that enable us to make sense of the stimulus that has been received
300
How do pharmacists have a role when dealing with psychotic disorders?
Pharmacists are involved in both retail and hospital settings. For community based they dispense medications and counsel patients on the use of the medication and in hospitals the pharmacists advise staff on selection of the most safe and effective therapy.
300
Define tardive dyskinesia
What is an adverse effect associated with antipsychotic therapy consisting of abnormal, involuntary movements usually involving the tongue and mouth and sometimes arm and trunk
300
What are the 4 key dopamine pathways
Mesolimbic, Mesocortical, Nigrostriatal, and Hypothalamic (tuberoinfundibular) pathways
400
What are the 4 building blocks of a mood disorder and describe them
Major depressive episode- 2 week period of depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure with additional symptoms and significant impant on the patient's life Manic episode-a 1 week period of abnormal and persistent elevated/irritated mood Hypomanic episode- a manic period that is less severe than a manic episode and lasting at least 4 days Mixed episode - a 1 week period when the patient experiences both manic and depressive symptoms
400
Describe the electrical neurotransmission
Information moves through a single neuron in the form of an action potential: Dendrites receive information- transmission occurs due to the movement of ions in and out of the neuron through pores in the cell membrane along the length of the axon-the action potential reaches the axon terminals and releases the chemical neurotransmitter
400
What are the two important points about psychiatrists?
Psychiatrists generally manage more severe and difficult cases than do primary care physicians and the majority of prescriptions for antipsychotics are written by psychiatrists
400
Define rapid cycling
What is the occurence of 4 or more mood episodes during the previous 12 months in a patient with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder
400
Serotonin is also referred to as ..
What is 5HT
500
Describe the difference between schizophrenia and Bipolar 1 Disorder
Schizophrenia causes profound difficulties in thinking and emotions, it can produce a large range of clinical signs and symptoms including positive and negative symptoms Bipolar 1 Disorder is a mood disorder marked by extreme mood swings and characterized by at least one manic episode or mixed episode
500
Describe the chemical neurotransmission
Information bridges the gap between 2 neurons by the use of neurotransmitters-an action potential causes the presynaptic axon terminal to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft-Neurotransmitters bind to the recepters on the postsynaptic neuron and either excite or inhibit a new action potential-to reset the symptom, the neurotransmitters are cleared from the synaptic cleft
500
Identify 3 health care professionals that are involved in psychiatric disorders other than psychiatrists.
Social workers Occupational therapists Counselors Community-and hospital based pharmacists
500
Define catatonic behavior
What is abnormal motor behavior that occurs in psychotic disorders; individuals may become immobile or exert purposeless, repetitive activity, or may assume bizarre and or rigid postures
500
What type of medications target serotonin?
atypical psychotics, 5-HT2A antagonists, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors