Epidemiology
What is epidemiology?
contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism
What are carriers?
the uninterrupted and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another
What is direct transmission?
preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is primary prevention?
the habitat in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiplies
What is a reservoir?
the number of health related states or events and their relationship to the size of the population
What is frequency?
also known as passive carrier, is when an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but is asymptomatic
What is a healthy carrier?
when a pathogen spreads using a host, ex: flea, rat, or fly
What is mechanical transmission?
requires behavioral changes such as exercising, no smoking, reduce dietary fat intake
What is active primary prevention?
a nonliving intermediary such as clothing, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host
What is a vehicle?
refers to describing the health-related states or events by who is experiencing the health-related state or event, where it occurs, and how often
What is pattern?
an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism
What is an active carrier?
occurs when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a host, resulting in disease
What is indirect transmission?
aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease
What is secondary prevention?
an invertebrate animal (ex: tick,mosquito,mite) that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another
What is a vector?
involves characterization of the distribution of health- related states or events
What is descriptive epidemiology?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen in the beginning states of the disease. This individual is still able to transmit the disease
What is incubatory carrier?
occurs when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection
What is airborne transmission?
does not require behavioral changes on the part of the individual ex: eating vitamin- enriched foods
What is passive primary prevention?
a nonliving object that can can harbor bacteria, ex: door handle
What is fomite?
involves finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health- related states or events
What is analytic epidemiology?
What is a convalescent carrier?
when the pathogen undergoes changes as part of its life cycle while within the host/vector and before being transmitted to the new host
What is biological transmission?
consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What is tertiary prevention?
an infectious organism in vertebrate animals (ex:rabies, ebola virus, influenza virus) that can be transmitted to humans
What is zoonosis?