Safety & Hazard Recognition
Safety is a learned ______________ & ______________.
behavior & attitude
What does PFAS stand for?
Personal Fall Arrest System
If you are going to step off a ladder onto a platform or roof, the top of the ladder must.....
Extend at least 3 feet above the point where the ladder touches the platform/roof.
List two protective measures to prevent Falling Objects:
Toeboards, debris nets, tool lanyards (tether), catch platforms or canopies
If something gets into your eyes, what should you do?
Flush eye with water (eye wash station).
Do not rub your eyes - could make the problem worse.
What is HAZCOM short for AND describe its purpose?
Hazard Communication Standard, also called “Right-To-Know”
HAZCOM requires all contractors to educate their employees about the hazardous materials/chemicals they may be exposed to on the job site. Employees must be taught how to work safely around these materials and trained on proper use of required PPE items.
Any opening in a wall or floor is a safety hazard.
There are 2 types of protection for holes, what are the two methods?
Guarded (railings, barricades)
Covered (plywood, lumber, steel cover)
A fire extinguisher that is labeled A B & C can be used on what? Describe each
A: Ordinary combustibles such as paper/wood/fabric
B: Flammable liquids such as grease or gas
C: Electrical equipment
Describe the rule of thumb regarding stacked materials:
Do NOT stack materials higher than 4:1 height to base ratio (the height should not exceed four times the width)
Additionally, interlock stacked materials by alternating the direction of each layer to make the stack more stable & secure.
What are blood borne pathogens?
Provide two examples
Diseases that can be transmitted by contact with an infectious person’s blood or other bodily fluids.
The most common being HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) and Hepatitis B & C.
When all the workers at a job site or in an organization see the value of a safe work environment and support it through their actions. - What is this called?
Strong Safety Culture
Cover any hole in the floor when possible, hole covers must be what? Name BOTH requirements.
-Clearly marked (English & Spanish)
-Secured (using screws, nails, cleats, etc.)
What type of permit is required for a confined space?
Entry Permit
What are the three categories of Struck By hazards?
Falling objects
Flying objects
Struck by vehicle
The shell of a hard hat can be made of what types of material?
fiberglass/carbon fiber or reinforced plastic
OSHA stands for...
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
A complete PFAS consist of and what three things:
Anchor points
Body harness
Connecting device (lanyard)
Never do what when somebody is on a rolling scaffold?
Move it
Describe what a Fall Zone is:
area beneath a load being lifted by a piece
of equipment
What common material in buildings may contain lead?
And when might this be a hazard while doing construction?
Lead-based paints
This is a hazard during demolition or renovation of structures built before 1978 (the year lead-based paint was banned)
Describe in detail who a "Competent Person" on a jobsite may be (what makes this individual THE Competent Person)
someone who can identify hazards, has the knowledge (training/experience) to recognize them, and possesses the AUTHORITY to take immediate corrective action to eliminate risks, ensuring safety for themselves and others.
(often required for specific tasks like inspecting excavations (trenches) & fall protection)
When is a PFAS required?
In other words, describe a scenario in which a PFAS would be required...
Six-Foot rule: Fall protection is required for work surfaces with unprotected sides or edges that are 6 or more feet above the ground/next lowest level.
Any scaffold that is assembled on the job site must be tagged to indicate whether the scaffold meets OSHA standards and is safe to use.
Describe the three colors of tags (color & meaning):
Green tag means that the scaffold meets all OSHA standards and is safe to use.
Yellow tag means the scaffold does not meet all OSHA standards and workers must use safety harnesses (PFAS). An example is a scaffold in which railing cannot be installed because of equipment interference.
Red tag means a scaffold is unsafe to use either because it is damaged, or in the process of being put up or taken down. Never use a rag tagged scaffold.
Tool guards can only be removed when doing what?
Do NOT remove a guard from a tool or machine except when cleaning, changing a blade, or performing other maintenance.
What is a Fire Watch?
A person specifically assigned to watch for fires while hot work is being performed and for a period afterward.
Name the "Focus Four" or "Fatal Four"
Falls
Struck-By hazards
Caught-In & Caught-In-Between hazards
Electrical hazards
What is the purpose of the D-ring on a body harness?
The D-ring is positioned between the shoulder blades and it is the only ring used to connect the harness to the anchor point for fall arrest purposes.
What is a Spoil?
The material removed from the earth while digging a trench or excavation (such as dirt, rock, etc.)
If you are unsure of the ground conditions of a job site, you should assume what & why ... ?
its Type C soil because it is the least stable
the noise level is so great that you have to raise your voice to be heard by someone who is less than two feet away, you need to wear hearing protection.
NCCER listed 10 Common Causes of Incidents & Accidents. We discussed these in class.
Name THREE of the 10 catagories.
Failure to Communicate
At-Risk Work Habits
Alcohol & Drug Abuse
Lack of Skill
Intentional Acts
Unsafe Acts
Rationalizing Risks
Unsafe Conditions
Poor Housekeeping
Management System Failure
If YOU are using PFAS, how often should YOU inspect it?
Before EVERY use
List two examples of Caught-In/Caught-Between hazards pertaining to heavy equipment on a jobsite.
Pinch points on a piece of equipment
Crushed between a piece of equipment & structure
Who and how often should an excavation be inspected?
A competent person must inspect excavation daily, & after change in weather, to decide if cave-ins or failures of protective systems could occur, & if there are any other hazardous conditions present.
What should you do if asbestos is suspected on a job site?
A supervisor must be notified & all work must stop until the asbestos is removed by licensed professionals
Excessive noise, inadequate supports on guards, poor lighting, cluttered work area, and congested workplace - These are all examples of which of the 10 Common Causes of Incidents & Accidents?
Unsafe Conditions
Describe in detail the ideal location of an Anchor Point.
Where? AND Why?
Anchor point should be located directly above the D-ring to minimize the swing zone (as close as possible to directly above).
What is a toe board?
A horizontal barrier at the floor level of exposed edges of walking surfaces. These prevent materials/tools from falling.
If there is plenty of room on a jobsite and there are minimal limitations regarding available ground area, what are the 2 types of systems to choose from while performing excavation work?
Sloped System
Benched Systems
Name the FOUR types of respirators covered by NCCER:
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Supplied Air Mask
Full Face Mask with Chemical Canisters
Half Mask with Mechanical Filters
When the task at hand is broken down into its individual steps and then each step is analyzed for its potential hazards. For each identified hazard, corrective measures/ways to minimize that hazard are identified and documented on this form. This is a collaborative effort done by the entire crew & foreman/supervisor.
What is this form called?
JSA: Job Safety Analysis
JHA: Job Hazard Analysis
Name the two types of PFAS lanyards:
Shock Absorbing lanyard
Self-Retracting lanyard ("Yo-yo")
What is the most common system used to protect you from incidental electrical shock?
Three Wire System
Benching systems cannot be used with what type of soil?
Type C
Describe the THREE components of a Fire:
Fuel: anything that will combine with oxygen & heat to burn
Oxygen: always present in the air
Heat: anything that raises a fuel’s temperature to its ignition point
Evaluating Risk is the measure of what THREE things?
The Probability, Consequences, & Exposure related to an event.
– Probability: the chance that a given event will occur
– Consequences: the results of an action, condition, or event
– Exposure: the amount of time and/or the degree to which someone or something is exposed to an unsafe condition, material, or environment
Describe how to properly ascend & descend a ladder…
Maintain three points of contact with the ladder.
Three points of contact means that either two feet & one hand or one hand & two feet are always touching the ladder.
Describe the three wire system. Must include:
- each wire and its color
- description of the purpose of the third wire
neutral wire - white
hot wire - black
ground wire - green (or bare copper)
The third wire is the ground wire and is connected to a ground system. If a fault occurs, the current will pass to the ground through the third wire instead of through your body.
What is the PRIMARY purpose of machine/tool guards?
Primary purpose of machine/tool guards is to prevent workers from getting caught or pulled into moving components.
Who can remove a lock of a LOTO system?
Only the authorized person who applied the lock must be the one who removes it
NCCER listed five characteristics of companies that have a Strong Safety Culture.
Name THREE of the five characteristics.
Fewer at-risk behaviors
Lower incident & accident rates
Less turnover
Lower absenteeism
Higher productivity
Describe the correct positioning of a ladder being used
4:1 Height-To-Base ratio
The feet of the ladder must be one-fourth (¼) the distance from the base of the building to the point where the ladder touches the structure.
How are double insulated tools different from tools using the three-wire system?
When sloping or benching systems cannot be used (i.e. a congested jobsite in a downtown city), support structures must be used.
What are the two types of structures? Describe each:
Shoring: a support system designed to prevent a cave in. Shoring structures are typically made of metal or wood and consists of walls held firmly in place that act as a retaining wall.
Shielding: shielding structures are placed inside trenches or excavations and are strong enough to protect workers if a cave-in does happen, so long as the workers are within the confines of the box (i.e. Trench Box). NOT designed to prevent cave-ins
What do lockout tagout procedures protect workers from?
LOTO procedures safeguard workers against unexpected releases of energy