Endocrine VS Nervous
Speed of response-
nervous system is faster
hypothalamus
under brain above the pituitary gland
the adrenal medulla produces these two hormones for the fight or flight response
epinephrine and norepinehprine
what are amine hormones?
made from amino acids, stimulate membrane bound receptors and nuclear receptors. example= epinephrine and melatonin. this is when hormones have the same characteristics.
non hormonal regulation
chemicals other than hormones regulate the release of hormones. example= blood glucose levels affecting insulin rates
duration of influence
endocrine system lasts longer than the nervous system
thyroid and parathyroid
thyroid- in the base of your neck and looks like a small bow tie
parathyroid- in edges of the thyroid
what two hormones do the adrenal cortex make? and what are their functions?
The adrenal cortex makes cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol rises your stress levels and breaks down your body's protein so glucose can go to the brian. Aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to retain calcium, which helps when you are low on salt in your body
what are steroid hormones?
made from cholesterol, and are all chemically similar. examples= testosterone, progesterone, and cortisol. Steroid hormones only stimulate nuclear receptors bc they are lipid soluble.
direct neural control
hormones controlled by the nervous system secrete neuorhormones and go to the bloodstream. example= stress and exercise affecting the ANS
effectors controlled
nervous system- controls muscles and glands
endocrine system- controls all cells in the body
adrenal glands
top of both kidneys, medulla and cortex
types of non classic hormones and places in your body.
the heart, stomach, small intestines, kidneys, fatty tissue, and placenta.
what are protein/peptide hormones?
made from amino acids. peptide and protein hormones both cause similar responses to target cells, insulin, and glucagon. they only stimulate membrane bound receptors bc they are water soluble.
hormonal control
cells release neuropeptides into the blood then go to the anterior pituitary gland. example= hypothalamus controlling the anterior pituitary gland
strength of signal
nervous system- strength determined by the frequency of the signals
endocrine system- strength determined by amount of hormones released and number of receptors and target cells
pancreas
high up in your abdomen behind your stomach
is type one diabetes insulin dependent or insulin independent? what is type one diabetes treated with? what are the symptoms?
Type one diabetes is insulin dependent. It is treated with insulin injections, and implanted pumps. Symptoms are excess eating, drinking, weight loss, and weak not very strong muscles
under what conditions does a hormone need a carrier protein?
if hormones can't dissolve in water, they need a carrier protein to get them in the bloodstream
the three types of hormonal control
constant secretion, acute secretion, and cyclic secretion
ability to be repaired
nervous system has permanent cells that are harder to repair than the endocrine system
what happens with excess of the thyroid?
weight loss, anxiety, and energetic
Is type two diabetes insulin independent or insulin dependent? What are the symptoms? How do you treat it?
Type two diabtetes is insulin dependent bc the cells are unable to respond and make their own insulin. Symptoms are cuts heal slowly, very tired, and excess eating and drinking. Treatment is weight loss, exercise, dieting, and medication.
what are prostaglandins?
biologically active lipids that produce many effects in the body. including smooth muscle contraction, inflammation, and blood clotting. NOT HORMONES.
what is the difference between constant, acute, and cyclic secretion?
constant= hormones are released in even amounts
acute= hormone levels are low then increase high and stop
cyclic= follows a regular cycle